Design of highly birefringent square lattice photonic crystal fiber with flattened dispersion and low confinement loss

In this paper a square-lattice PCF with circular and elliptical air holes is proposed which is suitable for optical communication. The optimal structural parameters are used to achieve low and flattened dispersion, low confinement loss and high birefringence in wide wavelength range. At last, a design of triangular lattice PCF with same design parameters is proposed and result of this is compared with the result observed from the proposed square lattice PCF. Numerical investigation shows that value of chromatic dispersion for square lattice PCF and triangular lattice PCF are 10.66117ps/nm-km and 8.32956ps/nm-km respectively, confinement losses for these PCFs are 0.001128dB/km and 0.002473dB/km respectively at 1.5μm wavelength and maximum birefringence are 0.0012 and 0.0014 respectively. To analyse these PCFs, finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) is used.