DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF PARTICULATE MATTER: TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICLES PM10 BREATHABLE FRACTION

Particulate matter is one of the most studied atmospheric pollutants around the world. It is defined as the set of solid or liquid particles (except plain water) which are present in suspension in the atmosphere (Mészáros, 1999), and that originate from a variety of natural or anthropogenic sources and have a wide range of morphological, physical, chemical and thermodynamic properties. The presence of this pollutant in the atmosphere causes a variety of impacts on vegetation, materials and human beings, including a visual decrease in the atmosphere caused by the absorption and diffusion of light (Chen, Ying & Kleeman, 2009). Furthermore, the presence of particulate matter is associated with increased risk of death from cardiopulmonary causes in samples of adults (Pope, 2004) Besides measuring this pollutant concentrations, it is necessary to assess its behavior in space and time associating it with meteorological phenomena, chemical composition, and origin of which allows the orientation of control strategies and the performance of follow-up activities by the environmental authorities concerned. This article presents a literature review of the impacts associated with particles present in the atmosphere, the equipment for monitoring them, complementary technological applications and control technologies.