Data Security using Quantum Cryptography

In the electronic communication networks that facilitate the much of world’s information exchange, privacy and security have always remain important issues to considered. Various cryptographic techniques have evolved over centuries and algorithms are developed to ensure the security of data transmission. Today’s most common encryption methods are threatened by the potential creation of the quantum computer. Quantum computing although promises an increase in processing power but also threatens the foundation of data encryption as the long strings of numbers can be deciphered now easily with current computing resources. Thus quantum cryptography has been developed which offers a new edge towards the security and also can not be compromised by the quantum computers. In this paper analysis of quantum cryptography has been done and its efficiency concerned with data transmission is calculated with respect to the various polarization states and measurement basis of photons. The more security to eavesdropping is achieved through quantum entanglement and superposition for transmission of data. In this technique the stress is given on the weakest part of communication i.e. ‘key exchange between sender and receiver’ and a secure key exchange is assured through a quantum channel.