The Effect of Testing on Achievement: Meta-Analyses and Research Summary, 1910–2010. Source List, Outcomes, and References for Qualitative Studies

The study summarizes the research literature on the effect of testing on student achievement, which comprises several hundred studies conducted from the early 20th century to the present day. Only qualitative studies, however, are included here (N = 244). Qualitative studies overwhelmingly find testing's effect on student achievement to be positive: ninety-three percent of the studies analyzed reported positive effects, whereas only seven percent reported mixed effects, negative effects, or no change.