Clinical and epidemiological analysis of presentation and evolution of head injury in children under 15 years in HNMAV (Análisis clínico-epidemiológico de la presentación y evolución del traumatismo craneoencefálico, en ni os menores de 15 a os en el HNMAV)

Background: Trauma is the leading cause of death in children aftercompleting the fi rst year of life, remaining the same way until age45. The cranial trauma is the leading cause of mortality. It is as wellcause of sequels with physical, mental and sensory disabilities.Objective: To describe the presentation and evolution of cranialtrauma in relation to the staging presented as Glasgow Coma Scalein patients with cranial trauma in Manuel Ascencio Villarroel HospitalPediatrics (HNMAV), during the period of July to December2010.Methods: This is a, descriptive, prospective, longitudinal wherethe unit of analysis was limited to patients admitted during the studyperiod. All of them has the diagnosis cranial trauma.Results: 64% of patients with cranial trauma were men rangingbetween 2 to 5 years, Mild trauma was the most prevalent, causedin most of the cases by traffi c accidents.Conclusion: The prospective / evolutionary follow was performedwith the use of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and GlasgowOutcome Scale (GOS). It showed that this evolution is based onmultifactorial variables. However, the most important factor is thetime elapsed since the occurrence of trauma to the moment of intervention,Patients with severe cranial trauma, who were admittedin less than 1 hour, 20% of them improved their SCG regarding toentrance. 33% of patients who obtained 5 GSC at hospital discharge,increased to 66% a month later. In contrast patients with severetrauma, who were admittted 1 hour after the event, their SCG improvedin 12.5%, and 0% of them had a score of 5 up to hospitaldischarge , reaching 20% a month later. -RESUMEN: Introducción: El trauma es la principal causa de muerte en pediatríauna vez cumplido el primer a o de vida, permaneciendo comotal hasta los 45 a os. Siendo el Traumatismo Craneoencefálico(TCE) la primera causa de esta mortalidad, además de dejar secuelascon discapacidades físicas, mentales y sensoriales.Objetivo: Caracterizar la forma de presentación y evolución deltraumatismo craneoencefálico, en relación con la estadifi caciónpresentada según la escala de Coma de Glasgow, en pacientes condiagnóstico de TCE en el Hospital del Ni o Manuel Ascencio Villarroel(HNMAV), en el periodo julio a diciembre de 2010.Material y Métodos: Es una investigación, descriptiva, prospectiva,longitudinal donde la unidad de análisis se limitó a pacientesinternados durante el periodo de estudio en el HNMAV, con el diagnósticode TCE.Resultados: 64% de los pacientes con diagnóstico de TCE fueronhombres comprendidos entre 2-5 a os, siendo el TCE leve el máspresentado, causado en