New concept for quantification of similarity relates entropy and energy of objects: First and Second Law entangled, group behavior of micro black holes expected

The larger the physical scale is, the less frequently the term 'energy' and the more frequently the term 'entropy' is used in physics discussions. Energy, in the sense of 'bound' or 'inner' energy, is an entity that is usually measured experimentally in some more or less direct way. Entropy is an entity impossible to measure directly; it can only be determined either in conjunction with measured energy and another measured experimental parameter, free energy for instance, or it is calculated or counted using statistical mechanics or some other theory on the degeneracy of microstates. Since, owing to their distance from the observer, very large-scale physical objects are difficult to measure directly, the preferential use of entropy and the Second Law of thermodynamics is not astonishing in cosmology, neither is the preferential use of energy in quantum physics, in particular, strict energy conservation as expressed through the First Law of thermodynamics. Of course both laws apply a priori to all scales and physics, and of course the above statements are not based on statistical analyses or other objective grounds but on the subjective impression of the author to whom correspondence should be addressed.In this article we present very briefly the results of a comprehensive analysis of published experimental thermodynamic data on the unfolding of many hundreds of proteins and nucleic acids, on molecular associations in host-guest complexes, on the stability of ab initio (quantum mechanically) calculated water clusters and the semi-empirically (force field) calculated formation thermodynamics of small organic molecules from their elements. We then mainly discuss the consequences when i) these numerical results are first grouped into families that distinguish ensembles of evidently similar objects, ii) the grouped results are correlated in a specific two-dimensional projection of a five-dimensional parameter space and, ultimately, iii) the results are detached from the