Restoring the Physical Meaning of Energy—Distinguishing Between the Apparent Energy and the Real Energy of Moving Mass

By referencing the rest-frame of the aether it becomes possible to distinguishing between the apparent energy and the real energy of moving mass. It is shown that there is no theoretical obstacle in distinguishing between observer-dependent energy and observer-independent energy. Similarly, the referencing of motion to the space medium restores the physical meaning of clock time, length contraction, and momentum. Furthermore, by incorporating Williamson’s bound-radiation theory of atomic particles, the total conversion of mass to energy is given a clear physical interpretation.