New Onset Significant Paravalvular Leakage in a Patient with Mechanical Prosthetic Aortic Valve after Exposure to Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Is There Any Relevance?

Many studies have evaluated heart valve prostheses and annuloplasty rings for Magnetic Resonance (MR) issues, particularly with regard to the magnetic field interactions associated with MR systems operating at field strength more than 4-Tesla. Many of these studies showed relatively minor magnetic field interactions, and according to their conclusion, MR procedure is not considered to be so hazardous for a patient with any prosthetic valve or annuloplasty ring. However, there has been everlasting debate over the effect of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) on mechanical prosthetic valves and annuloplasty rings. This issue is specially attributed to magnetic fields exceeding 4-Tesla; many of the previous studies have shown minimal effect on these prosthetic structures and the common consensus shows that MRI studies are not hazardous for a patient with prosthetic mechanical valve or ring annuloplasty, especially especially when under evaluation field is not related to heart and the field is not too strong (1). Nonetheless, there are some studies suggesting that the LENZ effect should be considered. LENZ effect theoretically suggests that any metal moving through a magnetic field can develop an opposing magnetic field by its own. So there could be opposing pressures on a mechanical prosthetic valve and cause some degree of malfunction (1, 2). Effects of this force on the macrostructure of the prosthetic valve or whether these forces could cause undesirable movement or dehiscence in it, has not yet been studied. According to the previous studies, this effect is proportional to the magnetic field strength used and the risk is higher in powers exceeding 1.5 Tesla (1-3), but interestingly Edwards et al. demonstrated that elderly patients with degenerative valvular disease are unlikely to be at risk while exposing to less than or equal to 4.7 Tesla (4). Though the different results of these studies suggest that there may be potential forces with some damaging effects on mechanical prosthetic valves in mitral position even with low-strength field equal to 1.5 Tesla. The aforementioned effect is related to the field strength linearly. This issue points that we should be alarmed to study these patients before including them in MRI study and perhaps excluding them from this experience. (1, 2, 5). We reported a 75 year old gentlemen with history of severe aortic stenosis and aortic valve replacement by ST Jude Medical prosthesis three years ago. He referred to our clinic due to the new onset dyspnea on exertion with New York Heart Association (NYHA) function class III