Anticipation et rapidité sont la base d’une gestion efficace Preventive measures and early detection are needed

Mener une politique de gestion efficace contre les phénomènes de prolifération des espèces exotiques envahissantes passe par des mesures de réglementation, mais aussi de prévention, nécessitant la mise en place de réseaux organisés de surveillance et de détection précoce de nouvelles espèces sur le territoire. Comment mieux organiser ces réseaux et coordonner l'action des différents acteurs, scientifiques, gestionnaires, associations et pouvoirs publics ? Quelques pistes nous sont suggérées dans cet article. It is quite difficult to eradicate an invasive alien species when it has already begun to spread. Even containment is very complicated, expensive andmay be harmful for natural ecosystems. For these reasons, it is necessary to improve prevention in order to foresee future invasions. The creation of a national list prioritized by negative impacts and specifying restrictivemeasures (black list) would be a consistent progress for the enhancement of actual legislation and the nation could take a step forward on the way to prevention. In the same way, voluntary approaches and participative initiatives can be developed as it is already done for several years with different stakeholders. Finally, because of the unfeasibility tomaster the knowledge of incoming species, setting up surveillance networks is essential. These networks are useful for a better detection of newly established species, but they alsomust facilitate rapid responses to control incipient populations of undesirable invaders. With the purpose of driving these networks to optimization, early detection areas have to be targeted and specific toolsmust be developed. This new strategy also involves a better targeting and training of the stakeholders that willmake it become alive.