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Valores e incomensurabilidade: medita es kuhnianas em chave estruturalista e laudaniana

DOI: 10.1590/s1678-31662012000300003

Keywords: Kuhn , Incomensurabilidade , Laudan , Metateoria estruturalista , Valores , Metodologia , Racionalidade científica , Kuhn , Incommensurability , Laudan , Structuralist metatheory , Values , Methodology , Scientific rationality

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Abstract:

Neste artigo, s o colocados em perspectiva e reinterpretados dois temas que ocupam lugar de destaque dentro da imagem kuhniana de ciência: (1) o papel dos valores e sua rela o com a quest o da subdetermina o metodológica; (2) a incomensurabilidade e seus dilemas. As teses de Kuhn a respeito desses temas s o reavaliadas, seus desdobramentos s o criticamente discutidos, e determinadas reinterpreta es e reformula es s o propostas. Isso é feito segundo duas perspectivas metacientíficas: a vis o historiográfica-metametodológica de Laudan (nas variantes reticulacional e de solu o de problemas) e a metateoria estruturalista iniciada por Balzer, Moulines e Sneed. Mostra-se que, desse modo, s o removidas as principais dificuldades inerentes ao tratamento kuhniano dessas quest es, ao mesmo tempo que se consegue preservar os tra os mais interessantes e as intui es mais perspicazes de Kuhn a respeito. In this paper, two themes that figure outstandingly in the Kuhnian image of science are brought together, put into perspective, and re-interpreted: (1) the role of values in science and their relation with the issue of methodological underdetermination; (2) incommensurability and its dilemmas. Kuhn's theses concerning these themes are re-evaluated, how they unfold is critically discussed, and certain re-interpretations and reformulations are proposed. This is done according to two metascientific perspectives: Laudan's historiographic-metamethodological view (both in its problem-solving and reticulational variants), and the structuralist metatheory pioneered by Balzer, Moulines and Sneed. In this way, it is shown that the main difficulties inherent in the Kuhnian treatment of these questions can be removed, while at the same time being still possible to keep the most interesting features, as well as Kuhn's most insightful intuitions, concerning these issues.

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