evre Sorunlar n n zümü in Radikal Bir neri: Derin Ekoloji

The environmental problems described as the devastation of natural balance is one of the most important problems in theworld today. For the solution of this problem, there are two basic axels mentioned. The first axel whose basic reference is theenvironmental protecting is an approach suggesting removing the specific pollution that appears as an environmental problem.The most important approach for this is sustainable development approach.The other axel for the solution of the environmental problems is the radical ecology approach suggesting an altogetherparadigm change from the current production and consumption forms. Deep ecology is accepted in the radical ecology actionsand admits that the man has perceived the nature as a tool and this is the base of environmental problems, and it suggests abiocentric paradigm for the solution.Norwegian Philosopher Arne Naess, the father of Deep ecology, firstly talked about the deep-shallow ecology in “theconference about the future of the third world” in Bükre in 1972. In his article published in 1973 “The Shallow and the Deep,Long-Range Ecology Movements: A Summary”, he brought up the differences between the deep and shallow ecologies anddetermined the principles of deep ecology, and in his article published in 1986 “The Deep Ecological Movement: SomePhilosophical Aspects”, he explained these principles in details. This article in which the differences between the deep and shallowapproaches to the basic environmental problems were expressed is very important for summarizing the basic arguments of deepecologists and bringing up the perspectives developed on the sources of environmental problems.Naess was considering the shallow ecology as protective-environmental action developed for the health and welfare of peoplein developed countries and thinking that there is a struggle against pollution and running out of sources under the shallow ecologyconcept. Also, the shallow ecology has intensified on the first effects of environmental crisis. The shallow ecology considered tohave a human centered opinion has thought the nature as a lifeless thing and has been giving the man the right of ruling thenature. It gives the value of a tool to the nature. So, the shallow ecology has been considered as a type of “intellectual despotism”.Yet, the deep ecology has believed the need of deep changes.As mentioned, the deep ecology refuses the human centered dualism separating nature and man, and considers man andnature as a whole. According to it, nature isn’t the gathering of things independent from each other, but actions net at