Effect of Cadmium Chloride on Histopathological Changes in the Freshwater Fish Ophiocephalus striatus (Channa)

Histopathological changes were observed in the gill, liver, stomach and intestine of Ophiocephallus striatus exposed to the cadmium chloride. The fishes were exposed to medinlethal concentration of 0.63 mg L-1 at 96 h. The histopathological change due to the toxicity of cadium chloride in experimental gills of fish observed hypertrophy, destroy of gills lamellae and blood congestion possibly caused the haematological changes in experimental fishes like reduced RBC count, decreased blood hemoglobin and anaemia. In experimental liver of fish observed degenerative changes, necrosis and hypertrophy possibly responsible for biochemical changes like reduced liver glycogen. Hepatocelluar dissociation in experimental fish possibly caused the decreased tissue glycogen and lipid in liver. Degenerative changes (ex., cloudy swelling) possibly caused the endocrine dysfunction leads to increases transaminase activities (hypersecretion of SGOT and SGPT) in present study of haematological study. In experimental stomach of fish hyperchromasia, disintegration of epithelium duct and desquamation of gastric mucosa is observed. Desquamation is a postmortem autolysis which indicates the extremely severe harmful effect of cadmium on the stomach of fish. In experimental intestine of fish degenerative changes in the tips of villi like hydropic degeneration, cloudy swelling and necrosis is observed the histological changes is possibly due to the fulfillment of extra energy requirement under the toxicity of cadmium chloride.