Beyond Empathy. Phenomenological Approaches to Intersubjectivity Anapus empatijos: fenomenologiniai intersubjektyvumo svarstymai

Drawing on the work of Scheler, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Husserl and Sartre, this article presents an overview of some of the diverse approaches to intersubjectivity that can be found in the phenomenological tradition. Starting with a brief description of Scheler’s criticism of the argument from analogy, the article continues by showing that the phenomenological analyses of intersubjectivity involve much more than a ‘solution’ to the ‘traditional’ problem of other minds. Intersubjectivity doesn’t merely concern concrete faceto-face encounters between individuals. It is also something that is at play in simple perception, in tool-use, in emotions, drives and different types of self-awareness. Ultimately, the phenomenologists would argue that a treatment of intersubjectivity requires a simultaneous analysis of the relationship between subjectivity and world. It is not possible simply to insert intersubjectivity somewhere within an already established ontology; rather, the three regions ‘self’, ‘others’, and ‘world’ belong together; they reciprocally illuminate one another, and can only be understood in their interconnection. Article in Lithuanian Straipsnyje, remiantis elerio, Merleau-Ponty, Husserlio ir Sartre’o darbais, ap velgiamos kelios skirtingos intersubjektyvumo problemos traktuot s fenomenologin je tradicijoje. Pradedant Schelerio analogijos argumento kritikos trumpu apra ymu, parodoma, kad fenomenologin intersubjektyvumo analiz n ra vien tradicinis“ kit s moni problemos sprendimas“. Intersubjektyvumas suponuoja ne vien individ susidūrim akis ak “. Drauge tai ka kas, kas glūdi elementariame suvokime, ranki panaudojime, emocijose, skatuliuose bei vairiuose savimon s tipuose. Pagaliau fenomenologai pabr ia, kad intersubjektyvumo traktuot reikalinga vienalaik s subjektyvumo ir pasaulio santykio analiz s. Neleistina tiesiog terpti intersubjektyvum ka kur jau steigt ontologij ; prie ingai, trys savasties“, kit “ ir pasaulio“ regionai neatsiejami; drauge jie ap vie ia vienas kit ir gali būti suprasti tik sudarydami s ry . Straipsnis lietuvi kalba