Toxicity of Abutilon glacum Seeds' Extracts (Water and Methanol) on Wistar Rats

Current study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of Abutilon glacum seeds extracts on experimental rats. The rats were allotted at random to five groups, each of six rats. One group served as control. Two groups were given aqueous extract of the seeds part of the plant and other two groups were given methanolic extract at 75 and 300 mg/kg/day orally for the tow extracts. All rats were dosed their designated experimental doses for 2 weeks. The mortality and weight gain, serobiochemical and hematological parameters were recorded in addition to pathological changes. The study showed that, the administration of aqueous and methanol extracts of A. glacum seeds has a toxic effects that resulted in alterations in Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activities, changes in the concentration of urea, cholesterol and other serobichemical parameters, also pathological changes in fatal organs demonstrated as lesions in liver kidney and intestine, fatty cytoplasmic vaculation and necrosis of the hepatocytes and necrosis of the centrilobular hepatocytes, glomerular alteration and degeneration of the epithelial cells of renal tubules with acidophilic homogeneous substance in affected renal tubules, catarrhal enteritis and lymphocytic infiltration in intestinal lamina. We concluded that toxicity from oral administration of 300 mg/kg/day of A. glacum seeds extracts for 2 weeks was sever as evidenced by consistent extensive damage to liver and kidney. The damage to these organs caused by daily oral doses of plant extract at 75 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks was less marked.