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Spying by American Archaeologists in World War IDOI: 10.5334/bha.2123 Keywords: World War 1 , Office of Naval Intelligence , American Anthropological Association , Society for American Archaeology Abstract: I am interested in detailing two aspects linked to the issue of several archaeologists working for the U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence (ONI) during the First World War. These spying activities were part of the controversy surrounding the censure of Franz Boas by the American Anthropological Association (AAA) for his published letter of October 1919, in which Boas claimed that four unnamed researchers were involved in espionage activities using archaeological research as a front. As they were unnamed, who were these four archaeologists?
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