Cnidaria, Scleractinia, Siderastreidae, Siderastrea siderea (Ellis and Solander, 1786): Hartt Expedition and the first record of a Caribbean siderastreid in tropical Southwestern Atlantic

Samples of Siderastrea collected by the geologist C. F. Hartt during expedition to Brazil (19th century), anddeposited at the National Museum of the Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, have been re-examined. Taxonomicalanalyses resulted in the identification of a colony of S. siderea from offshore northern Bahia state. Following recentstudies, the occurrence of Caribbean siderastreids to western South Atlantic provides new criteria to assess intra- andinterpopulational morphological variation of the endemic S. stellata, refuting historical trends of synonymizations possiblybiased by long-term taxonomical misunderstandings.