The effect of the temperature and angle of incidence on the photonic band gap (PBG) for semiconductor-based photonic crystals has been investigated. The refractive index of semiconductor layers is taken as a function of temperature and wavelength. Three structures have been analyzed by choosing a semiconductor material for one of the two materials in a bilayer structure. The semiconductor material is taken to be ZnS, Si, and Ge with air in first, second, and third structures respectively. The shifting of band gaps with temperature is more pronounced in the third structure than in the first two structures because the change in the refractive index of Ge layers with temperature is more than the change of refractive index of both ZnS and Si layers with temperature. The propagation characteristics of the proposed structures are analyzed by transfer matrix method. 1. Introduction Since the pioneering works of Yablonovitch [1] and John [2], studies on the electromagnetic properties of photonic crystals which are artificial structures with periodically modulated dielectric constants have been attracting a great deal of interest among the researchers. Photonic crystals that exhibit electromagnetic stop bands or photonic band gaps (PBGs) have received considerable attention over the last two decades for the study of their fundamental physical properties as well as for their potential applications in many optoelectronic devices [3–13]. It was observed that periodic modulation of the dielectric functions significantly modifies the spectral properties of the electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic transmission and/or reflection spectra in such structures are/is characterized by the presence of allowed and forbidden photonic energy bands similar to the electronic band structure of periodic potentials. For this reason, such a new class of artificial optical material with periodic dielectric modulation is known as photonic band gap (PBG) material [14]. Fundamental optical properties like band structure, reflectance, group velocity, and rate of spontaneous emission, can be controlled effectively by changing the spatial distribution of the dielectric function [5, 6]. A 1D PC structure has many interesting applications such as dielectric reflecting mirrors, low-loss waveguides, optical switches, filters, optical limiters. It has also been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that 1D PCs have absolute omnidirectional PBGs [15–19]. In addition to the existence of wide photonic band gaps in some properly designed PCs, the feature of a tunability of PBGs in PCs
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