The Lattice Compatibility Theory LCT: Physical and Chemical Arguments from the Growth Behavior of Doped Compounds in terms of Bandgap Distortion and Magnetic Effects
Physical and chemical arguments for the recently discussed materials-related Lattice Compatibility Theory are presented. The discussed arguments are based on some differences of Mn ions incorporation kinetics inside some compounds. These differences have been evaluated and quantified in terms of alteration of bandgap edges, magnetic patterns, and Faraday effect. 1. Introduction Bismuth oxides are nanocrystalline, fluorite-type materials which exhibit unexpected lattice expansion during doping stages. They are used in various domains, such as transparent ceramic glass, microelectronics, sensor technology, optical coatings, surface acoustic wave devices, and gas sensing [1–9]. Bismuth ternary oxides, such as Bi12SiO20, Bi4Ge3O12, and Bi4Ti3O12, usually exhibit high oxide ionic conductivity and hence can been used as high-efficiency electrolyte materials for several applications such as oxygen sensors and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) [7–10]. Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO, Bismuth germanate) is a high density scintillation inorganic oxide with cubic eulytite structure. It is used in detectors in particle physics, gamma pulse spectroscopy, aerospace physics, and nuclear medicine. Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO, Bismuth titanate) is a layered Aurivillius phase perovskite ferroelectric compound having a Curie temperature of about 675°C. In its monoclinic ferroelectric state, Bi4Ti3O12 has been pointed at as a good candidate for use in nonvolatile memories, thanks to its excellent fatigue resistance during repeated polarization reversals under electrical solicitation. In some recent studies [11, 12], manganese-doped bismuth oxides showed nearly 10 times the ionic conductivity of zirconia despite a low stability in reducing environments. In this study, a support to the Lattice Compatibility Theory LCT is presented in terms of alteration of bandgap edges, magnetic patterns, and Faraday effect. The paper is organized in the following way. In Section 2, some relevant experimental details along with main manganese-doping features are presented. In Section 3, we present physical parameters alteration analysis along with LCT principles. Section 4 is the conclusion. 2. Samples Elaboration and Measurement Techniques Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO), Bi12SiO20 (BSO), and Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) compounds have been prepared using the polymeric precursor and Czochralski [11–14] methods using titanium tetraisopropoxide, Bismuth acetate, Bi2O3, GeO2 and SiO2 as precursors. Complexation and pH adjustment were achieved using wet ethylene glycol and ammonium hydroxide, respectively. Mn-doping has been achieved using manganese
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