Context. Evident change in nutrition and lifestyle among individuals of urban and rural areas raises suspicion for similar change in tribal area population of India. Aim. To study the biochemical risk factor for CVDs in rural and tribal population of Sub-Himalayan state of India. Settings and Design. Cross-sectional study in rural (low altitude) and tribal (high altitude) area of Himachal Pradesh, India. Methodology. Blood lipid profile using standard laboratory methods. Statistical Analysis. Chi-square test and multiple linear regression analysis. Results. Total of 900 individuals were studied in both areas. As per Asian criteria, obesity (BMI 27.5–30.0？kg/m2) was observed to be significantly high ( ) as 13.7% in tribal area as compared to 5.5% in rural area. Normal level of TC (<200？mg/dL) and LDL (<130？mg/dL) was observed in the majority of the population of both areas, whereas, at risk level of HDL (<40？mg/dL) was present in half of the population of both rural and tribal areas. The prevalence of borderline to high level of TGs was observed to be 60.2% and 55.2% in rural and tribal ( ) area, respectively. Conclusion. Prevalent abnormal lipid profile in tribal area demands establishment of an effective surveillance system for development of chronic diseases. 1. Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) include mainly heart attack, stroke, peripheral vascular diseases, and hypertension. Heart attack (ischemic heart diseases) alone contributes to 21.6 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and ranks the third most common cause of death in the world [1]. It is well-known fact that the CVDs are the leading cause of death in urban population [2, 3]. But over the period of time, CVDs contribute significantly to mortality in rural areas of India as well [4–6]. This evident shift could be possibly due to ongoing social and economic transition. It is now a well-known fact that atherosclerosis begins in childhood and progresses in adulthood due to multiple coronary risk factors and is observed in early age of life [7]. Diet rich in salt and saturated fatty acids, physical inactivity, stress, and alcohol are known risk factors for CVDs [3]. The study of biochemical risk factors like total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) can assess individual predisposition towards CVDs. Tribal population shares about 8.0% of total population of India and most of it resides Jammu and Kashmir state, Himachal Pradesh, and northeastern states (Himalayan belt) of India [8]. Like urban and rural population, socioeconomic
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