Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) have been implicated in prostate growth and are overexpressed in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In this study, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FGFR genes (FGFR1 and FGFR2) were associated with BPH and its clinical phenotypes in a population of Korean men. We genotyped four SNPs in the exons of FGFR1 and FGFR2 (rs13317 in FGFR1; rs755793, rs1047100, and rs3135831 in FGFR2) using direct sequencing in 218 BPH patients and 213 control subjects. No SNPs of FGFR1 or FGFR2 genes were associated with BPH. However, analysis according to clinical phenotypes showed that rs1047100 of FGFR2 was associated with prostate volume in BPH in the dominant model (GA/AA versus GG, P = 0.010). In addition, a significant association was observed between rs13317 of FGFR1 and international prostate symptom score (IPSS) in the additive (TC versus CC versus TT, P = 0.0022) and dominant models (TC/CC versus TT, P = 0.005). Allele frequency analysis also showed significant association between rs13317 and IPSS (P = 0.005). These results suggested that FGFR genes could be related to progression of BPH. 1. Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urological problem associated with aging in men. One-quarter of men in their 50s, one-third in their 60s, and half of men older than 80 have BPH [1]. BPH is characterized by hyperplasia of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells, and it manifests as a severe obstruction in urinary flow with discomfort and pain. The pathogenesis of BPH is not completely understood; however, the most significant risk factors for the development of BPH are androgen level and aging [2]. Growth factors and their receptors, including members of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) family, epithelial growth factor (EGF) family, and transforming growth factor β (TGFB), which regulate the growth of prostatic stromal and epithelial cells, are also involved in the pathogenesis of BPH [3–5]. Genetic strategies have been used over the past few decades to investigate BPH. In particular, studies have shown that polymorphisms of growth factors and their receptor genes are associated with BPH. Indeed, previous studies have reported that a codon 10 polymorphism in TGFB1 was associated with the development of BPH in Japanese [6] and Iranian populations [7], suggesting the importance of the TGF pathway in the development of prostatic diseases. Mullan et al. [8] reported a significant association of a codon 10
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