The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a women population living within the state of Amazonas, Brazil, and to determine the viral genotypes found. The study included 361 sexually active women over 18 years of age. We performed the Pap test and the molecular diagnosis for HPV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplicons obtained were sequenced in automatic sequencer for genotyping. The presence of HPV DNA was found in 29.1% (105) of the women. Only 321 women presented satisfactory slides for cytological diagnosis, 97.9% (314) had normal cytology (negative for cancer), and 2.1% (7) had abnormal cytology (4 ASCUS, 1 LSIL, and 2 HSIL). The types more frequently found were HPV 16 (58.1%) and HPV 58 (20.0%). Additionally, we found more 13 types of HPV. Compared with previous studies in Brazil, our data confirmed a high prevalence and genotypic diversity of HPV in Brazilian women. 1. Introduction Cervical cancer, whose most strongly associated etiologic agent is the HPV, a sexually transmitted pathogen, is a leading cause of death among women [1]. In 2013, the National Cancer Institute estimates that there will be approximately 17,540 new cases of this disease in Brazil, occupying the third position among the most common cancers affecting among women, second only skin cancer (not melanoma) and breast cancer. For the state of Amazonas, the numbers are even more concerning because it is estimated that this disease will occupy the first position among the most common cancers in women [2]. There are over 100 genotypes of HPV, identified by numbers indicating the sequence of historical description. They are divided into groups according to oncogenic risk: low risk (e.g., HPV6 and HPV11, related to the development of benign lesions) and high risk (mainly represented by HPV16 and HPV18, involved in malign transformation of epithelium) [3, 4]. Reports of the prevalence of HPV demonstrate that the infection of HPV 16 is the most prevalent in the world. However, the frequency of the other types of HPV exhibits a wide geographical variability [5, 6]. The Amazon region is known as an area with a high level of sexually transmitted infections (STI) and high incidence of cervical cancer. It is a region that has a large territory, where there are many isolated communities in rural and indigenous areas where access is possible only by river, and even small urban areas have a very precarious health system, making hard the access to primary and secondary preventions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence
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