The antibacterial performance of sol-gel-derived inorganic-organic hybrid polymers filled with ZnO nanoparticles-chitosan against a gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli and a gram-positive Micrococcus luteus has been investigated. Three different molecular weights (MW) of chitosan (CTS) 1.36 · 105, 2.2 · 105, and 3.0 · 105？Da with equal degree of deacetylation (DD, 85%) (coded as S 85-60, He 85-250, and He 85-500) with equal degree of deacetylation (DD, 85%) were examined. ZnO was prepared by the base hydrolysis of zinc acetate in isopropanol using lithium hydroxide (LiOH · H2O) to hydrolyze the precursor. Sol-gel-based inorganic-organic hybrid polymers were modified with these oxides and were applied to cellulosic cotton (100%) and cotton/polyester (65/35%) fabrics. Inorganic-organic hybrids polymers were based on 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS). Bacteriological tests were performed in nutrient agar media on solid agar plates and in liquid broth systems using ZnO nanoparticles with average particle size of (40？nm). Our study showed the enhanced antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles chitosan (different MW) of against a gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli DSMZ 498 and a gram-positive Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 in repeated experiments. The antibacterial activity of textile treated with ZnO nanoparticles chitosan increases with decreasing the molecular weight of chitosan. 1. Introduction In the recent years, the environmental pollution and the population explosion have forced researchers to find new health-connected products for the human using. For textile industry, there are growing needs to develop finishes for textile materials which can offer improved protection to the user from UV radiation, bacteria, or fungi [1]. There is a great demand for antibacterial finishes on textile, since textile considered an ideal environment for bacterial growth. A huge number of chemicals are used in textile processes. But many of these chemicals are toxic to humans and do not easily degrade in the environment. The textile industry always looks for eco-friendly processes that replace toxic textile chemicals. These facts have facilitated the use of chitosan as a textile chemical. Chitosan, an important and commercially available biopolymer, has many chemical attributes to make it an interesting candidate for textile application. Chitosan has been found to be an interesting biopolymer for immobilization of desired biomolecules because of excellent film-forming ability, high permeability, and mechanical strength, nontoxicity, biocompatibility,
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