The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds has been an interesting field of study for a long time. Heterocyclic nucleus 1,3,4-thiadiazole constitutes an important class of compounds for new drug development. The synthesis of novel thiadiazole derivatives and investigation of their chemical and biological behavior have gained more importance in recent decades. The search for antiepileptic compounds with more selective activity and lower toxicity continues to be an active area of intensive investigation in medicinal chemistry. During the recent years, there has been intense investigation of different classes of thiadiazole compounds, many of which possess extensive pharmacological activities, namely, antimicrobial activity, anticonvulsant, antifungal antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antituberculosis activities, and so forth. The resistance towards available drugs is rapidly becoming a major worldwide problem. The need to design new compounds to deal with this resistance has become one of the most important areas of research today. Thiadiazole is a versatile moiety that exhibits a wide variety of biological activities. Thiadiazole moiety acts as “hydrogen binding domain” and “two-electron donor system.” It also acts as a constrained pharmacophore. On the basis of the reported literature, we study here thiadiazole compounds and their synthetic methods chemistry and anticonvulsant activity. 1. Introduction Epilepsy is the name of a brain disorder characterized predominantly by recurrent and unpredictable interruptions of normal brain function, called epileptic seizures [1, 2]. The current therapy of epilepsy with antiepileptic drugs is associated with side effects, dose-related and chronic toxicity, and teratogenic effects [3, 4]. Epilepsy is not a singular disease entity but a variety of disorders reflecting underlying brain dysfunction that may result from many different causes. Therefore, there is continuing demand for new anticonvulsant agents. So, there is an urgent requirement for the dieovery and development of some novel anticonvulsant agents with more selective activity and lower toxicity for the effective treatment of epilepsy. Several five-membered aromatic systems having three heteroatoms at symmetrical positions such as thiadiazoles have been studied extensively owing to their interesting pharmacological activities. There is a broad variety of heterocyclic compounds which are having medicinal importance, and recently, much attention has been focused on thiadiazole derivatives in view of their broad spectrum activities. Thiadiazole
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