Studying the behavior of soil contaminated by diesel requires the measurement and calculation of electrical parameters such as permittivity and backscattering coefficient. It is also necessary to study the physical parameters such as surface roughness. The intent of this paper is to present a broad and updated overview of the diesel oil contaminated soil, emphasizing permittivity and scattering coefficient that are involved in determining and detecting the rate at which and extent to which hydrocarbons contaminate the soil and environment. The measurement of permittivity and the calculations of backscattering coefficient values were made with different amounts of diesel oil contamination and different incident angles in 5° intervals ranging from 10° to 80° for both horizontal and vertical polarization at C band. The values of scattering coefficient for different look angles (25°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 45°, 50°, and 55°) were calculated and are suitable for comparison with data generated from other remote sensing platforms. Accurate electrical parameter measurements of soil contamination and recognition of their dependence on physical and chemical composition are interesting and can support using microwave remote sensing instruments to observe the earth. 1. Introduction Improved understanding of spatial variation of soil surface characteristics such as soil contamination, texture, and constituents is critical in remote sensing. Microwave remote sensing data are function not only of the technical parameters of the sensor but also of the geometric forms and electrical properties of the objects on the earth such as permittivity, and backscattering coefficient [1]. The radar backscattering coefficient ( ) from soil surface depends primarily on the surface roughness and the permittivity of the soil. It also represents the scattering behavior of an object at a given frequency, incident angle, and polarization and it is defined directly in terms of the incident and scattered fields [2]. Microwave techniques can be implemented to determine the extent and the distribution structure of an oil spill on land. Diesel spills in soil cause pollution that can be toxic for biological particles living in the soil [3]. Soil contamination is caused by the presence of man-made chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. The average total worldwide annual release of petroleum (oils) from all known sources to the environment (land and ocean) has been estimated at 1.3 million tons [4]. Land-based sources contamination typically arises from the rupture of underground
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