Background and Aim. Asthma is common in endurance athletes including swimmers. Our aim was to study gender differences in asthma, allergy, and asthmatic symptoms in swimmers and investigate the effects of varying intensities of physical exercise on competitive swimmers with asthma. Methods. Three hundred highly trained swimmers (156 females and 144 males) were studied by a questionnaire. Their mean (±SD) ages were and years, and they had training history of and years in females and males, respectively. Gender differences in asthma, allergy, and respiratory symptoms were examined. Special attention was focused on asthmatic swimmers, their allergies and respiratory symptoms during swimming at different intensities. Results. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 19% for females and males. No gender differences in asthma or respiratory symptoms were found. Males reported allergies significantly more often than females ( ). Gender difference was found in respiratory symptoms among swimmers with physician-diagnosed asthma because females reported symptoms significantly more often ( ) than males. Asthmatic females also reported symptoms significantly more often at moderate intensity swimming ( ) than males especially for coughing. Discussion. Gender difference in prevalence of asthma was not found in swimmers. However, allergy was reported significantly more by male swimmers. Male swimmers with asthma reported significantly more cases having family history of asthma, which may be a sign of selection of asthma-friendly sport. Moderate intensity swimming seemed to induce significantly more symptoms especially coughing in asthmatic females. 1. Introduction The prevalence of asthma among Finnish competitive swimmers is higher than that in general population which is typical in endurance sports [1, 2]. Gender differences in prevalence of asthma have been found in general population. Asthma and especially the nonallergic asthma were more prevalent in women than men [3, 4]. In Finnish general population asthma was mostly associated with family history of asthma, allergy, smoking, and obesity [4]. General population is different than competitive swimmers population, because weight gaining, aging, and smoking-related factors are missing as competitive swimmers are mainly fairly young, with normal BMI and nonsmoking. Intensity, duration, and type of exercise are known to have an effect on the severity of the respiratory symptoms [5]. For example, at the same exercise intensity level, asthmatic symptoms are fewer and milder in swimming than in running or
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