Tragopogon graminifolius DC. (TG), Compositae family, is traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases like gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders. The aim of the present study is to standardize extracts from TG used for preparation of different dosage forms in traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) based on phenolic compounds. For this purpose, total phenolic content and some phenolic compounds were determined in ethanolic extracts from aerial part and root of TG by HPLC method. Furthermore, antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH-HPLC methods. Caffeic acid, gallic acid, ρ-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and catechin were detected in root and aerial part of TG. ρ-Coumaric acid (6.357 ± 0.014？mg·g？1) was dominant phenolic compound in aerial part followed by ferulic acid (1.24 ± 0.018？mg·g？1). Also, ρ-coumaric acid (2.685 ± 0.031？mg·g？1) was highly abundant in root, followed by catechin (2.067 ± 0.021？mg·g？1). Antioxidant activity of root extract (460.45 ± 0.78？μg Vit.E.E·mL？1) was better than that of aerial part. Generally, phenolic compounds are one of the major constituents of TG and could be used as markers for standardization of dosage forms prepared from this plant. Also, TG demonstrated significant antioxidant activity using DPPH-HPLC method. Phenolic compounds of TG may be responsible for its marked antioxidant properties. 1. Introduction Tragopogon graminifolius DC., Compositae family, is known as “Sheng” or “Lahiat-o-tis” in traditional Iranian medicine (TIM). Its aerial part including leaves and stems is widely consumed as green vegetable and in various indigenous foods in the west of Iran. It also has been used for treatment of wounds, hemorrhage, and various gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders in TIM. Traditional medicine sources asserted that root part possesses higher biological activity than the other parts of the plant [1–3]. In folk medicine of other countries, different species of Tragopogon have been used as anticough, astringent, vulnerary, and skin repairing and proposed to be beneficial for gastrointestinal disorders [4, 5]. Acute toxicity on TG demonstrated that this plant has a wide range of safe consumption [3]. The main constituents of Tragopogon genus are phenolic compounds [6–8]. Triterpene saponins, bibenzyls, and dihydroisocoumarins have been also reported from Tragopogon genus [9, 10]. Since various dosage forms are prepared from the extracts of aerial part and root part of this plant in TIM, we aimed to standardize the extracts from aerial part and also root of TG based on some phenolic compounds by HPLC
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