Long-term (45 years) diversified surface meteorological records from Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS), India, were collected and analysed to study the long-term changes in the overall climatology, climatology pertained to a particular observational time, mean daily climatology in temperature, inter-annual variability in temperature, interannual variability in surface pressure, and rainfall for the main Indian seasons—South West and North East monsoons and inter-annual mean monthly anomaly structure in temperature. Results on various analyses show strong and vivid features contributed by climate change for this South Peninsular Indian Arabian Sea Coastal Station, and this paper may be a first time venture which discusses climate change imparted perturbations in several meteorological parameters in different time domains, like a specific time, daily, monthly, and interannually over a station. Being a coastal rocket launching station, climatic change information is crucial for long-term planning of its facilities as well as for various rocket range operational demands. 1. Introduction Climate change refers to a statistically strong and significant variation in either the average state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period, typically in decades or longer. Short-period oscillations are statistically insignificant in the scenario of long-term climate change context. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes on earth (atmospheric, seismic, volcanic, and oceanic), external forces (variation in solar activity, rotation and revolution of earth), and more recently anthropogenic activities. It is now well established that anthropogenic activities cause intensification of the greenhouse effect and thereby contribute to the climate change. The paper by Oreskes [1] highlighted the listings in the ISI database on climate change from several abstracts published in refereed scientific journals between 1993 and 2003. In India, the first time document on the concern of greenhouse effect and possible mitigation measures was published in the Science Reporter, CSIR, by Ayyar [2]. Several papers were published in a special session in Current Science (volume 90, 2006) focussing the concerns over the socioeconomic and scientific aspects attributed to climate change on Indian scenario. To develop high-resolution climate change simulations over the Indian region, Providing Regional Climates for Impact Studies (PRECIS) modelling system was applied [3], and it was observed that the warming is monotonously widespread
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