Bioagents and Commercial Algae Products as Integrated Biocide Treatments for Controlling Root Rot Diseases of Some Vegetables under Protected Cultivation System
Integrated commercial blue-green algae extracts and bioagents treatments against vegetables root rot incidence when used as soil drench under greenhouse and plastic house conditions were evaluated. All applied treatments reduced significantly root rot incidence at both pre- and postemergence growth stages of cucumber, cantaloupe, tomato, and pepper plants compared with untreated check control. In pot experiment, the obtained results showed that treatments of Trichoderma harzianum or Bacillus subtilis either alone or combined with commercial algae extracts were significantly superior for reducing root rot disease for two tested vegetable plants compared with the other tested treatments as well as control. It is also observed that rising concentrations of either algae products, Oligo-X or Weed-Max, were reflected in more disease reduction. Promising treatments for controlling root rot disease incidence were applied under plastic houses conditions. As for field trails carried out under plastic houses conditions at different locations, the obtained results revealed that the applied combined treatments significantly reduced root rot incidence compared with fungicide and check control treatments. At all locations it was observed that Weed-Max (2？g/L) + Bacillus subtilis significantly reduced disease incidence of grown vegetables compared with Oligo-X (2？mL/L) + Trichoderma harzianum treatments. An obvious yield increase in all treatments was significantly higher than in the control. Also, the harvested yield in applied combined treatments at all locations was significantly higher than that in the fungicide and control treatments. 1. Introduction Vegetable crops are grown worldwide as a source of nutrients and fiber in the human diet. Fungal plant pathogens can cause devastation in these crops under appropriate environmental conditions. Root rot in vegetables strikes quickly and then ruins a whole crop. Several fungi may cause root rot in vegetable plants, transmitting the disease through the soil. Some common fungi include Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotinia, and Pythium, each of which causes a root rot named for the specific fungi that cause it. While the presence of one of these fungi is the primary cause for disease, plants exposed to poor growing conditions, such as a soil that does not drain well, are most susceptible to root rot. The best way to avoid root rot is by eliminating these contributing causes and practicing sound cultivation techniques. It was reported that the soil-borne pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum, and Fusarium spp. can
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