LCMS-QTOF Determination of Lentinan-Like β-D-Glucan Content Isolated by Hot Water and Alkaline Solution from Tiger’s Milk Mushroom, Termite Mushroom, and Selected Local Market Mushrooms

Lentinan, 1152 Dalton β-D-glucan found in Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinus edodes), has been claimed to have anticancer and immunomodulatory activity. Several extraction methods have been used by researchers to isolate Lentinan including hot water and alkaline solution (1.25？M NaOH). In this study, hot water and alkaline solution (1.25？M NaOH) were used to extract the Lentinan-like β-D-glucan (1151 Dalton) from Tiger’s Milk Mushroom, Termite Mushroom, and selected local market mushrooms. The isolated Lentinan-like β-D-glucan from both hot water and alkaline solution was analyzed by LCMS-QTOF. Commercial Lentinan standard from Lentinus edodes was used as a reference. The results showed significant differences on chromatogram patterns of Lentinan-like β-D-glucan between both extracts. The peak of Lentinan-like β-D-glucan was only found in isolated polysaccharide glucan of hot water extracts. The isolated polysaccharide glucans from Tiger’s Milk Mushroom and Termite Mushroom were found to have ？μg/mg and ？μg/mg Lentinan-like β-D-glucan. Button Mushroom, Shiitake Mushroom, and Oyster Mushroom showed the presence of Lentinan-like β-D-glucan at ？μg/mg, , and ？μg/mg, respectively. 1. Introduction Information on Tiger’s Milk Mushroom and Termite Mushroom is still scanty and poor. Tiger’s Milk Mushroom (Lignosus rhinocerus) has been found by Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM) as the most important medicinal mushroom used by the native [1]. This mushroom has been claimed to have therapeutic effects such as in treating cough, asthma, cancer, food poisoning, and as a general tonic [2]. While Termite Mushroom (Termitomyces heimii) is a wild seasonal mushroom that grows symbiotically with termite especially in rainy season. This mushroom was claimed to have very delicious taste and has extensively been used as human food [3]. It also has been used to treat lower blood pressure, rheumatism, kwashiorkor, obesity, and diarrhea [4]. A lot of potential bioactive compounds that are very useful for therapeutic purposes have been found in mushrooms including polysaccharides, polysaccharide peptide (protein complexes), proteoglycans, proteins, and triterpenoids [5–7]. β-D-glucan, a derivative of polysaccharide found in mushroom, has been recognized as a biological response modifier (BRM) since it possesses potent immune modulatory and anticancer activities [8, 9]. The compound also has ability to improve human resistance against bacteria and viruses [10]. Lentinan is one of the most active 1,3/1,6-β-D-glucans found in Shiitake Mushroom (Lentinus edodes) that possesses