This paper presents the performance of ductile cast iron grinding machining using water-based zinc oxide nanoparticles as a coolant. The experimental data was utilized to develop the mathematical model for first- and second-order models. The second order gives worthy performance of the grinding. The results indicate that the optimum parameters for the grinding model are 20？m/min table speed and 42.43？μm depth of cut for single-pass grinding. For multiple-pass grinding, optimization is at a table speed equal to 35.11？m/min and a depth of cut equal to 29.78？μm. The model fit was adequate and acceptable for sustainable grinding using a 0.15% volume concentration of zinc oxide nanocoolant. This paper quantifies the impact of water-based ZnO nanoparticle coolant on the achieved surface quality. It is concluded that the surface quality is the most influenced by the depth of cut(s) and table speed. 1. Introduction The automotive industry is one of the main users of ground components. Many solutions for grinding problems come from classical operations related to engine or transmission components. Classical examples are crankshaft grinding and camshaft grinding. Since the automotive industry is one of the major drivers for grinding development, it was chosen to be the focus of this study. Energy consumption by machining and grinding processes has not been a concern for industry because the energy cost is much lower than the other costs, such as materials, labor, and tooling [1]. The poor heat transfer properties of these conventional fluids pose serious problems to meet the present demands for miniaturization of systems and their effectiveness. Earlier efforts towards the improvement of the thermophysical properties of conventional fluids by the suspension of micron-sized metallic particles were not successful due to sedimentation, clogging, erosion and increased pressure drop in the flow channels of the heat exchangers, and so forth. A novel kind of heat transfer fluids known as “nanofluids” has significantly higher thermal conductivity compared to their base fluids. Nanofluids are expected to offer appreciable improvements in heat transfer capabilities [2]. Grinding is one of the most energy intensive among all machining processes. Grinding specific energy is typically higher than the energy required for melting the material. Considering the large amount of grinding operations used by industry worldwide, the impact can be significant when we can improve the energy efficiency of the grinding process. Furthermore, the high energy intensity of the grinding
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