Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Bark Extract of Syzygium cumini

The unique property of the silver nanoparticles having the antimicrobial activity drags the major attention towards the present nanotechnology. The environmentally nontoxic, ecofriendly, and cost-effective method that has been developed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts creates the major research interest in the field of nanobiotechnology. The synthesized silver nanoparticles have been characterized by the UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was evaluated by well diffusion method, and it was found that the biogenic silver nanoparticles have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Azotobacter chroococcum WR 9, and Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 9555). 1. Introduction The broad spectrum of nanotechnology is important in the major fields of biology, chemistry, physics, and material sciences. Nanotechnology deals with the study of materials at the nanometers [1, 2]. The day to day development of nanotechnology creates a major interest in the development and fabrications of different dimensioned nanoparticles [3]. The nanomaterials can be synthesized by different methods including chemical, physical, irradiation, and biological methods. The development of new chemical or physical methods has resulted in environmental contaminations, since the chemical procedures involved in the synthesis of nanomaterials generate a large amount of hazardous byproducts [4]. Thus, there is a need for “green nanotechnology” that includes a clean, safe, ecofriendly, and environmentally nontoxic method of nanoparticle synthesis, and in this method there is no need to use high pressure, energy, temperature, and toxic chemicals [5, 6]. The biological methods include synthesis of nanomaterial’s from the extracts of plant, bacterial, fungal species, and so forth. The synthesis of nanoparticles from the plant extracts is considered to be a process [7]. The preparation and maintenance of fungal and bacterial cultures are time consuming and require aseptic conditions and large manual skills to maintain the cultures [8]. Plant extracts include bark, root, leaves, fruit, flowers, rhizoids, and latex and are used to synthesize the nanoparticles. These nanoparticles show different dimensions including the size, shape, and dispersion which have more efficacy than those synthesized from the chemical and physical procedures. Therefore, the use of green