This paper is devoted to formulation and analysis of fundamental aspects of mechanics of nanocomposite materials and structural members. These aspects most likely do not exhaust all of the possible fundamental characteristics of mechanics of nanocomposite materials and structural members, but, nevertheless, they permit to form the skeleton of direction of mechanics in hand. The proposed nine aspects are described and commented briefly. 1. Introduction The specificity of mechanics as science consists in that it is one of the most important sciences of fundamental character and at the same time its urgency is defined by significance for engineering of many problems of mechanics. At all of the stages of human progress, starting with the ancient world, the importance of mechanics for engineering cannot be overemphasized: in many cases, mechanics, and engineering were considered as a single whole. This specificity of mechanics is shown up, when the mechanics of materials was formed as the scientific direction, in which uniting of mechanics and engineering is very significant. Mechanics of materials as the direction has been clearly formed in the last century within the framework of solid mechanics along with mechanics of structural members, when the investigations related to the development of new materials were essentially extended. Actually, the sufficiently ponderable part of investigations, which are carried out on solid mechanics, is represented in mechanics of materials. This situation resulted in that in some universities solid mechanics is included in different courses on material science. On the whole, investigations on mechanics of materials are defined or characterized by the fact that the information on internal structure of material is always taken into account, although in different extent. In the most part of investigations on mechanics of materials, this information is used for characterization or identification of materials. In this case, the internal structure is considered in analysis of photo of internal structure and its change under force and technological actions only. In the slightly less part of investigations on mechanics of materials, information on internal structure is included in the models of materials and is utilized in the statement and solution of corresponding problems of mechanics of materials. This allows to separate the structural mechanics of materials as the independent scientific direction within the framework of mechanics of materials [1, 2]. Thus, the structural mechanics of materials is meant to be the part of
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