全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Expanding the Role of Primary Care in the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood Obesity: A Review of Clinic- and Community-Based Recommendations and Interventions

DOI: 10.1155/2013/172035

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Although pediatric providers have traditionally assessed and treated childhood obesity and associated health-related conditions in the clinic setting, there is a recognized need to expand the provider role. We reviewed the literature published from 2005 to 2012 to (1) provide examples of the spectrum of roles that primary care providers can play in the successful treatment and prevention of childhood obesity in both clinic and community settings and (2) synthesize the evidence of important characteristics, factors, or strategies in successful community-based models. The review identified 96 articles that provide evidence of how primary care providers can successfully prevent and treat childhood obesity by coordinating efforts within the primary care setting and through linkages to obesity prevention and treatment resources within the community. By aligning the most promising interventions with recommendations published over the past decade by the Institute of Medicine, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and other health organizations, we present nine areas in which providers can promote the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity through efforts in clinical and community settings: weight status assessment and monitoring, healthy lifestyle promotion, treatment, clinician skill development, clinic infrastructure development, community program referrals, community health education, multisector community initiatives, and policy advocacy. 1. Introduction The identification of effective strategies to address the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity is critical to improving the health of the US population. National data from 2009 and 2010 show that nearly one in three children in America is either overweight or obese, and the numbers are even higher among certain demographic groups [1]. In the short term, obesity poses significant risks for children’s physical health and psychosocial well-being [2, 3]. In the long term, many of today’s children will age into adulthood with obesity that began in childhood and will experience the negative health consequences associated with obesity as adults, such as type II diabetes [4]. Addressing the high prevalence of childhood obesity will require coordinated and collective efforts in multiple sectors and settings—government, health care, school, workplace, and community—that influence the food and physical activity environments in which children live [2, 5]. Primary care providers (PCPs), defined for purposes of this paper as physicians, physician’s assistants, nurse practitioners, registered nurses working

References

[1]  C. L. Ogden, M. D. Carroll, B. K. Kit, and K. M. Flegal, “Prevalence of obesity and trends in body mass index among US children and adolescents, 1999-2010,” The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 307, no. 5, pp. 483–490, 2012.
[2]  J. Koplan, C. T. Liverman, and V. I. Kraak, Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in the Balance, National Academy Press, 2005.
[3]  E. Goodman, G. B. Slap, and B. Huang, “The public health impact of socioeconomic status on adolescent depression and obesity,” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 93, no. 11, pp. 1844–1850, 2003.
[4]  S. J. Olshansky, D. J. Passaro, R. C. Hershow et al., “A potential decline in life expectancy in the United States in the 21st century,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 352, no. 11, pp. 1138–1145, 2005.
[5]  Committee on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention and Institute of Medicine, Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention: Solving the Weight of the Nation, National Academies Press, 2012.
[6]  S. E. Barlow, W. H. Dietz, W. J. Klish, and F. L. Trowbridge, “Medical evaluation of overweight children and adolescents: reports from pediatricians, pediatric nurse practitioners, and registered dietitians,” Pediatrics, vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 222–228, 2002.
[7]  M. Barnes, “Solving the problem of childhood obesity within a generation,” Whitehouse Task Force on Childhood Obesity Report to the President, 2010.
[8]  T. M. McCambridge, D. T. Bernhardt, J. S. Brenner et al., “Active healthy living: prevention of childhood obesity through increased physical activity,” Pediatrics, vol. 117, no. 5, pp. 1834–1842, 2006.
[9]  N. F. Krebs and M. S. Jacobson, “Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity,” Pediatrics, vol. 112, no. 2, article 424, 2003.
[10]  S. S. Gidding, B. A. Dennison, L. L. Birch et al., “Dietary recommendations for children and adolescents: a guide for practitioners,” Pediatrics, vol. 117, no. 2, pp. 544–559, 2006.
[11]  T. T. K. Huang, L. A. Borowski, B. Liu et al., “Pediatricians' and family physicians' weight-related care of children in the US,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 24–32, 2011.
[12]  The Community Guide, Guide to Community Preventative Services, 2011.
[13]  Healthy People, “Healthy People 2020,” 2011.
[14]  S. E. Whaley, S. McGregor, L. Jiang, J. Gomez, G. Harrison, and E. Jenks, “A WIC-based intervention to prevent early childhood overweight,” Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. S47–S51, 2010.
[15]  M. Y. Kubik, M. Story, C. Davey, B. Dudovitz, and E. U. Zuehlke, “Providing obesity prevention counseling to children during a primary care clinic visit: results from a pilot study,” Journal of the American Dietetic Association, vol. 108, no. 11, pp. 1902–1906, 2008.
[16]  M. D. McKee, D. Deen, S. Maher, J. Fletcher, A. Fornari, and A. E. Blank, “Implementation of a pilot primary care lifestyle change intervention for families of pre-school children: lessons learned,” Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 299–305, 2010.
[17]  M. D. McKee, S. Maher, D. Deen, and A. E. Blank, “Counseling to prevent obesity among preschool children: acceptability of a pilot urban primary care intervention,” Annals of Family Medicine, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 249–255, 2010.
[18]  K. B. Flower, E. M. Perrin, C. I. Viadro, and A. S. Ammerman, “Using body mass index to identify overweight children: barriers and facilitators in primary care,” Ambulatory Pediatrics, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 38–44, 2007.
[19]  M. Van Gerwen, C. Franc, S. Rosman, M. Le Vaillant, and N. Pelletier-Fleury, “Primary care physicians' knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices regarding childhood obesity: a systematic review,” Obesity Reviews, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 227–236, 2009.
[20]  E. M. Perrin, J. P. Finkle, and J. T. Benjamin, “Obesity prevention and the primary care pediatrician's office,” Current Opinion in Pediatrics, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 354–361, 2007.
[21]  J. Waldrop and L. A. Ferguson, “Pediatric overweight or obesity: does the label really matter?” Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 251–258, 2008.
[22]  K. M. Rasmussen and A. L. Yaktine, Weight Gain during Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines, National Academy Press, 2009.
[23]  K. Glanz and D. B. Bishop, “The role of behavioral science theory in development and implementation of public health interventions,” Annual Review of Public Health, vol. 31, pp. 399–418, 2010.
[24]  D. L. Jacobson and B. Gance-Cleveland, “A systematic review of primary healthcare provider education and training using the chronic care model for childhood obesity,” Obesity Reviews, vol. 12, no. 501, pp. e244–e256, 2011.
[25]  G. M. Sargent, L. S. Pilotto, and L. A. Baur, “Components of primary care interventions to treat childhood overweight and obesity: a systematic review of effect,” Obesity Reviews, vol. 12, no. 501, pp. e219–e235, 2011.
[26]  J. Van Cleave, K. A. Kuhlthau, S. Bloom et al., “Interventions to improve screening and follow-up in primary care: a systematic review of the evidence,” Academic Pediatric, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 269–282, 2012.
[27]  Patient Protection, “Affordable Care Act of 2010,” Public Law, vol. 111, p. 124, 2010.
[28]  N. Calonge, D. B. Petitti, T. G. DeWitt et al., “Screening for obesity in children and adolescents: US preventive services task force recommendation statement,” Pediatrics, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 361–367, 2010.
[29]  C. Savinon, J. S. Taylor, J. Canty-Mitchell, and J. Blood-Siegfried, “Childhood obesity: can electronic medical records customized with clinical practice guidelines improve screening and diagnosis?” Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners, vol. 24, pp. 463–471, 2012.
[30]  M. K. Kopp and C. Hornberger, “Proper exercise and nutrition kit: use of obesity screening and assessment tools with underserved populations,” Journal of Pediatric Nursing, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 58–64, 2008.
[31]  E. M. Perrin, J. C. J. Vann, S. Lazorick et al., “Bolstering confidence in obesity prevention and treatment counseling for resident and community pediatricians,” Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 73, no. 2, pp. 179–185, 2008.
[32]  M. Polacsek, J. Orr, L. Letourneau et al., “Impact of a primary care intervention on physician practice and patient and family behavior: keep ME healthy—the Maine Youth Overweight Collaborative,” Pediatrics, vol. 123, no. 5, pp. S258–S266, 2009.
[33]  L. J. Ewing, P. Cluss, S. Goldstrohm et al., “Translating an evidence-based intervention for pediatric overweight to a primary care setting,” Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 397–403, 2009.
[34]  T. Nicklas and R. Johnson, “Position of the American Dietetic Association: dietary guidance for healthy children ages 2 to 11 years,” Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, vol. 104, pp. 660–677, 2004.
[35]  H. M. DuPlessis, C. S. C. Boulter, D. Cora-Bramble et al., “The pediatrician's role in community pediatrics,” Pediatrics, vol. 115, pp. 1092–1094, 2005.
[36]  A. H. Lichtenstein, L. J. Appel, M. Brands et al., “Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee,” Circulation, vol. 114, no. 1, pp. 82–96, 2006.
[37]  Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Health and Practice Health and Behavior, The Interplay of Biological, Behavioral, and Societal Influences, National Academies Press, 2001.
[38]  M. Pomietto, A. D. Docter, N. Van Borkulo, L. Alfonsi, J. Krieger, and L. L. Liu, “Small steps to health: building sustainable partnerships in pediatric obesity care,” Pediatrics, vol. 123, no. 5, pp. S308–S316, 2009.
[39]  G. Plourde, “Preventing and managing pediatric obesity: recommendations for family physicians,” Canadian Family Physician, vol. 52, pp. 322–328, 2006.
[40]  C. E. Stahl, J. W. Necheles, J. H. Mayefsky, L. K. Wright, and K. M. Rankin, “5-4-3-2-1 Go! Coordinating pediatric resident education and community health promotion to address the obesity epidemic in children and youth,” Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 215–224, 2011.
[41]  E. M. Taveras, K. H. Hohman, S. N. Price et al., “Correlates of participation in a pediatric primary care-based obesity prevention intervention,” Obesity, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 449–452, 2011.
[42]  D. Jacobson and B. M. Melnyk, “A primary care healthy choices intervention program for overweight and obese school-age children and their parents,” Journal of Pediatric Health Care, vol. 26, pp. 126–138, 2012.
[43]  R. M. Kwapiszewski and A. Lee Wallace, “A pilot program to identify and reverse childhood obesity in a primary care clinic,” Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 630–635, 2011.
[44]  S. T. Henes, D. N. Collier, S. L. Morrissey, D. M. Cummings, and K. M. Kolasa, “Medical nutrition therapy for overweight youth in their medical home: the KIDPOWER experience,” Patient Education and Counseling, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 43–46, 2010.
[45]  R. M. Siegel, W. Rich, E. C. Joseph et al., “A 6-month, office-based, low-carbohydrate diet intervention in obese teens,” Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 745–749, 2009.
[46]  D. Berry, M. Colindres, M. B. Vu et al., “Latino caregiver's insight into childhood overweight management and relationships with their health care providers,” Hispanic Health Care International, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 11–20, 2009.
[47]  C. Bolling, L. Crosby, R. Boles, and L. Stark, “How pediatricians can improve diet and activity for overweight preschoolers: a qualitative study of parental attitudes,” Academic Pediatrics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 172–178, 2009.
[48]  W. T. Dalton III, K. E. Schetzina, N. Holt et al., “Parent-Led Activity and Nutrition (PLAN) for healthy living: design and methods,” Contemporary Clinical Trials, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 882–892, 2011.
[49]  E. L. Mcclaskey, “A childhood obesity program in federally qualifed community health centers,” Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 774–779, 2010.
[50]  M. Haemer, S. Cluett, S. G. Hassink et al., “Building capacity for childhood obesity prevention and treatment in the medical community: call to action,” Pediatrics, vol. 128, supplement 2, pp. S71–S77, 2011.
[51]  N. Holt, K. E. Schetzina, W. T. Dalton, F. Tudiver, H. Fulton-Robinson, and T. Wu, “Primary care practice addressing child overweight and obesity: a survey of primary care physicians at four clinics in southern Appalachia,” Southern Medical Journal, vol. 104, no. 1, pp. 14–19, 2011.
[52]  A. L. McGaffey, D. J. Abatemarco, I. K. Jewell, S. K. Fidler, and K. Hughes, “Fitwits MD: an office-based tool and games for conversations about obesity with 9- to 12-year-old children,” The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine, vol. 24, pp. 768–771, 2011.
[53]  R. P. Schwartz, R. Hamre, W. H. Dietz et al., “Office-based motivational interviewing to prevent childhood obesity: a feasibility study,” Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, vol. 161, no. 5, pp. 495–501, 2007.
[54]  C. E. Cronk, R. G. Hoffmann, M. J. Mueller, V. Zerpa-Uriona, M. Dasgupta, and F. Enriquez, “Effects of a culturally tailored intervention on changes in body mass index and health-related quality of life of Latino children and their parents,” American Journal of Health Promotion, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. e1–11, 2011.
[55]  M. Savoye, P. Nowicka, M. Shaw et al., “Long-term results of an obesity program in an ethnically diverse pediatric population,” Pediatrics, vol. 127, no. 3, pp. 402–410, 2011.
[56]  P. A. Cluss, L. J. Ewing, K. A. Long, W. G. Krieger, and J. Lovelace, “Adapting pediatric obesity treatment delivery for low-income families: a public-private partnership,” Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 123–129, 2010.
[57]  S. Maher, P. Lopez, M. D. McKee et al., “Evaluation of health educator consults in primary care,” Health Education, vol. 110, no. 3, pp. 209–224, 2010.
[58]  S. G. Anand, W. G. Adams, and B. S. Zuckerman, “Specialized care of overweight children in community health centers,” Health Affairs, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 712–717, 2010.
[59]  A. J. Ariza, K. M. Laslo, J. S. Thomson, R. Seshadri, and H. J. Binns, “Promoting growth interpretation and lifestyle counseling in primary care,” Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 154, no. 4, pp. 596–601, 2009.
[60]  A. J. Ariza, H. Ruch-Ross, A. Sawyer et al., “Obesity care strategies in primary care practices,” Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 161, no. 1, pp. 152–155, 2012.
[61]  L. Broussard, C. Bryan, and D. Bellar, “Kids on the Geaux: an interdisciplinary, community-based child weight management program,” NASN School Nurse, vol. 27, pp. 72–75, 2012.
[62]  D. Dreimane, D. Safani, M. MacKenzie et al., “Feasibility of a hospital-based, family-centered intervention to reduce weight gain in overweight children and adolescents,” Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 159–168, 2007.
[63]  L. J. Heinberg, E. M. Kutchman, N. A. Berger et al., “Parent involvement is associated with early success in obesity treatment,” Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 457–465, 2010.
[64]  J. H. Paul, M. D. Piehl, and W. H. Logarde, “ENERGIZE! A community-based lifestyle intervention targeting at-risk, overweight children,” North Carolina Medical Journal, vol. 72, p. 381, 2011.
[65]  C. A. Pinard, M. H. Hart, Y. Hodgkins, E. L. Serrano, M. M. McFerren, and P. A. Estabrooks, “Smart choices for healthy families: a pilot study for the treatment of childhood obesity in low-income families,” Health Education Behavior, vol. 39, pp. 433–445, 2012.
[66]  L. Quinn, R. Block, and S. McIntosh, “Impact of a community health improvement clerkship project,” Medical Education, vol. 41, no. 11, pp. 1102–1103, 2007.
[67]  P. A. Estabrooks, J. A. Shoup, M. Gattshall, P. Dandamudi, S. Shetterly, and S. Xu, “Automated telephone counseling for parents of overweight children: a randomized controlled trial,” American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 35–42, 2009.
[68]  G. D. Foster, D. Sundal, C. McDermott, E. Jelalian, M. R. Lent, and D. Vojta, “Feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a scalable, community-based treatment of childhood obesity,” Pediatrics, vol. 130, pp. 652–659, 2012.
[69]  T. Quattrin, J. N. Roemmich, R. Paluch, J. Yu, L. H. Epstein, and M. A. Ecker, “Efficacy of family-based weight control program for preschool children in primary care,” Pediatrics, vol. 130, pp. 660–666, 2012.
[70]  L. J. Stark, S. Spear, R. Boles et al., “A pilot randomized controlled trial of a clinic and home-based behavioral intervention to decrease obesity in preschoolers,” Obesity, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 134–141, 2011.
[71]  M. J. Taylor, M. Mazzone, and B. H. Wrotniak, “Outcome of an exercise and educational intervention for children who are overweight,” Pediatric Physical Therapy, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 180–188, 2005.
[72]  M. E. Hare, M. Coday, N. A. Williams, P. A. Richey, F. A. Tylavsky, and A. J. Bush, “Methods and baseline characteristics of a randomized trial treating early childhood obesity: the positive lifestyles for active youngsters (Team PLAY) trial,” Contemporary Clinical Trials, vol. 33, pp. 534–549, 2012.
[73]  M. Boyle, S. Lawrence, L. Schwarte, S. Samuels, and W. J. McCarthy, “Health care providers' perceived role in changing environments to promote healthy eating and physical activity: baseline findings from health care providers participating in the healthy eating, active communities program,” Pediatrics, vol. 123, supplement 5, pp. S293–S300, 2009.
[74]  J. C. Eisenmann, D. A. Gentile, G. J. Welk et al., “SWITCH: rationale, design, and implementation of a community, school, and family-based intervention to modify behaviors related to childhood obesity,” BMC Public Health, vol. 8, article 223, 2008.
[75]  R. L. Gombosi, R. M. Olasin, and J. L. Bittle, “Tioga County Fit for Life: a primary obesity prevention project,” Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 592–600, 2007.
[76]  K. R. Moore, M. K. McGowan, K. A. Donato, S. Kollipara, and Y. Roubideaux, “Community resources for promoting youth nutrition and physical activity,” American Journal of Health Education, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 298–303, 2009.
[77]  T. Agrawal, J. A. Hoffman, M. Ahl et al., “Collaborating for impact: a multilevel early childhood obesity prevention initiative,” Family & Community Health, vol. 35, pp. 192–202, 2012.
[78]  D. I. Chang, A. Gertel-Rosenberg, V. L. Drayton, S. Schmidt, and G. B. Angalet, “A statewide strategy to battle child obesity in Delaware,” Health Affairs, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 481–490, 2010.
[79]  N. Karanja, T. Lutz, C. Ritenbaugh et al., “The TOTS community intervention to prevent overweight in American Indian toddlers beginning at birth: a feasibility and efficacy study,” Journal of Community Health, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 667–675, 2010.
[80]  J. M. Cousins, S. M. Langer, L. K. Rhew, and C. Thomas, “The role of state health departments in supporting community-based obesity prevention,” Preventing Chronic Disease, vol. 8, p. A87, 2011.
[81]  S. E. Samuels, L. Craypo, M. Boyle, P. B. Crawford, A. Yancey, and G. Flores, “The California Endowment's healthy eating, active communities program: a midpoint review,” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 100, no. 11, pp. 2114–2123, 2010.
[82]  C. D. Economos, R. R. Hyatt, J. P. Goldberg et al., “A community intervention reduces BMI z-score in children: Shape Up Somerville first year results,” Obesity, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 1325–1336, 2007.
[83]  V. R. Chomitz, R. J. McGowan, J. M. Wendel et al., “Healthy Living Cambridge Kids: a community-based participatory effort to promote healthy weight and fitness,” Obesity, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. S45–S53, 2010.
[84]  M. B. Hargreaves, T. Honeycutt, C. Orfield et al., “Healthy Weight Collaborative: using learning collaboratives to enhance community-based initiatives addressing childhood obesity,” Journal of Health Care For the Poor and Underserved, vol. 24, 2013.
[85]  M. M. Stephens, K. McLean, K. Cannatelli, and P. L. Stillman, “Identification of overweight, obesity, and elevated blood pressure: a school-based health center performance improvement initiative,” American Journal of Medical Quality, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 34–38, 2011.
[86]  D. O. Tyler and S. D. Horner, “Collaborating with low-income families and their overweight children to improve weight-related behaviors: an intervention process evaluation,” Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 263–274, 2008.
[87]  B. Edwards, “Childhood obesity: a school-based approach to increase nutritional knowledge and activity levels,” Nursing Clinics of North America, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 661–669, 2005.
[88]  K. Mayer, “Childhood obesity prevention: focusing on the community food environment,” Family and Community Health, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 257–270, 2009.
[89]  M. E. McPherson, R. Mirkin, P. N. Heatherley, and C. J. Homer, “Educating health care professionals in advocacy for childhood obesity prevention in their communities: integrating public health and primary care in the Be Our Voice project,” American Journal of Public Health, vol. 102, pp. e37–e43, 2012.
[90]  D. Jacobson and B. M. Melnyk, “Psychosocial correlates of healthy beliefs, choices, and behaviors in overweight and obese school-age children: a primary care healthy choices intervention pilot study,” Journal of Pediatric Nursing, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 456–464, 2011.
[91]  N. K. Lowe, “The Surgeon General's call to action to support breastfeeding,” Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 387–389, 2011.
[92]  E. P. Whitlock, E. A. O'Connor, S. B. Williams, T. L. Beil, and K. W. Lutz, “Effectiveness of weight management programs in children and adolescents, (prepared for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality by the Oregon Evidence-Based Practice Center),” AHRQ no. 08-E014, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Md, USA, September 2008.

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413