Aim. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Tannerella forsythia in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis patients having different level of periodontal destruction and to assess the effect of scaling and root planing (SRP) on prevalence of T. forsythia. Materials and Methods. Study included 3 groups: group 1 were healthy individuals, group 2 had periodontitis with probing depth ≤ 5？mm, and group 3 had periodontitis with probing depth > 5？mm. Subjects in groups 2 and 3 exhibited both healthy and diseased periodontal sites. Prevalence of T. forsythia was determined using polymerase chain reaction. Subjects in groups 2 and 3 received SRP and were reevaluated three months after SRP. Results. T. forsythia was not detected in group 1. It was found in diseased sites in 40% and 73.33% of patients from groups 2 and 3, respectively. It was also found in healthy sites in 6.67% and 13.33% of patients from groups 2 and 3, respectively. The detection frequency of T. forsythia after SRP was 6.67% and 13.33% in groups 2 and 3, respectively. Conclusion. The results indicate a possible association between periodontal disease and presence of T. forsythia. Also, the detection frequency of T. forsythia was reduced after SRP. 1. Introduction The term periodontitis refers to an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth caused by specific microorganisms or groups of specific microorganisms resulting in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with pocket formation, recession, or both [1]. Accumulated data indicate that a small group of bacteria are important in periodontal disease exhibiting loss of connective tissue attachment and alveolar bone. Prominent among these are Gram-negative species such as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia (formerly Bacteroides forsythus or Tannerella forsythensis), Campylobacter rectus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Streptococcus intermedius [2]. Extensive and convincing data exist for some of these bacteria, so they are considered to be the etiologic agents in periodontitis. These include A. actinomycetemcomitans, T. forsythia, and P. gingivalis. T. forsythia is one of the members of red complex, along with P. gingivalis and T. denticola [3]. T. forsythia is a Gram-negative, strictly anaerobic, and fusiform microorganism. It is known to be present in increased frequency, levels, and proportion in subjects with chronic periodontitis and studies have shown a strong
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