Identifying molecular markers of endometrial hyperplasia (neoplasia) progression is critical to cancer prevention. To assess RNA and DNA quantity and quality from routinely collected endometrial samples and evaluate the performance of RNA- and DNA-based arrays across endometrial tissue types, we collected fresh frozen (FF) Pipelle, FF curettage, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) hysterectomy specimens (benign indications) from eight women. Additionally, neoplastic and uninvolved tissues from 24 FFPE archival hysterectomy specimens with endometrial hyperplasias and carcinomas were assessed. RNA was extracted from 15 of 16 FF and 51 of 51 FFPE samples, with yields >1.2？μg for 13/15 (87%) FF and 50/51 (98%) FFPE samples. Extracted RNA was of high quality; all samples performed successfully on the Illumina whole-genome cDNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension, and ligation (WG-DASL) array and performance did not vary by tissue type. While DNA quantity from FFPE samples was excellent, quality was not sufficient for successful performance on the Affymetrix SNP Array 6.0. In conclusion, FF Pipelle samples, which are minimally invasive, yielded excellent quantity and quality of RNA for gene expression arrays (similar to FF curettage) and should be considered for use in genomic studies. FFPE-derived DNA should be evaluated on new rapidly evolving sequencing platforms. 1. Introduction Though endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignant neoplasm [1], diagnostic capabilities and management of endometrial precancer (intraepithelial neoplasia) lag far behind those of cervical carcinoma [2]. A neoplastic continuum from simple, to complex, to atypical hyperplasia, to endometrial carcinoma is suggested from longitudinal epidemiologic studies [3–5]. Identification of molecular alterations present in various stages of endometrial neoplasia will provide the basis for early detection and therapeutics [6]. Present diagnostic capabilities utilizing histologic evaluation for endometrial hyperplasia/neoplasia alone are limited by poor diagnostic reproducibility [7] and relatively low prognostic value. Risk of progression to carcinoma among women with a diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia with atypia is not well understood, though exposure to progestin therapy has been reported to be associated with an approximately 60% decreased risk of progression [4, 8]. Future studies that attempt to elucidate molecular biomarkers of endometrial hyperplasia progression risk will require the development of two methodologies: the ability to perform array
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