This study examined the relationship between days of hip luxation and the expression of various mRNA. Twenty-six articular cartilages were used in the experiment: 3 samples were from normal dogs and 23 samples were collected from the femoral heads of hips that had been luxated for different lengths of time. Ten mRNA, including nonapoptotic genes (AGG, COL2A1, MMP-3, HAS-1, HAS-2, and TIMP-1) and apoptotic genes (BAX, BCL-2, CAS-3, and CAS-9), were studied for their expression using real-time PCR. We found very high correlation between expression level and luxation days ( ) in COL2A1, MMP-3, HAS-1, HAS-2, TIMP-1, BAX, and CAS-9, while the others (AGG, BCL-2, and CAS-3) also showed high correlation ( ). And we found a significant difference ( ) in the expression of transcripts depending on the number of luxation days. In conclusion, a delay in joint reduction may increase the chances of development of osteoarthritis. 1. Introduction Coxofemoral luxation (hip luxation) is relative common orthopedic problem in dogs. The major causes of this problem are accidents (vehicle accidents ranged from 59 to 83%) and falls from height [1]. In our data recorded since 2006, 80% were caused by vehicle accidents, 10% caused by falling from height, 7% caused by dog bite, and 3% caused by their leg became caught in the wires of a cage (data not yet published). It is well known that ligament rupture, joint instability, and articular cartilage injury can cause osteoarthritis (OA). Articular cartilage and surrounding soft tissues (i.e., tendon, ligament, or joint capsule) are injured when the hip joint is luxated, and during the reduction procedure as well as is well known, the goals of treatment for luxation of the hip are to reduce the dislocation with as little damage to the articular surface as possible and to stabilize the joint sufficiently to allow soft tissue healing, with the expectation of normal clinical function. The first choice of treatment of simple joint luxation is reduction (closed or open), but in severe cases involving ligament rupture, surgery is required to repair the ligament and joint capsule [2]. To predict the chances of a joint developing OA, several criteria need to be considered. However, we believe that the period of luxation before reduction is another important criterion because it has a direct effect on articular cartilage metabolism. During joint luxation, the articular cartilage is unable to receive nutrients from, or release waste products into, the synovial fluid. This is the cause of the OA mechanism in joints [3, 4]. This study aims to
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