Nonhematologic malignancies are rarely reported to be associated with AA amyloidosis. Although the association between renal cell carcinoma and systemic AA amyloidosis has been established, the evidence linking pulmonary cancer to AA amyloidosis is scarce. Here, a case of biopsy-proven renal AA amyloidosis complicated with nephrotic syndrome associated with lung carcinoma is reported. 1. Introduction Secondary (AA) amyloidosis is a disorder characterised by the extracellular tissue deposition of fibrils that are composed of fragments of serum amyloid A (SAA) protein [1]. Chronic inflammatory disease is a major cause of AA amyloidosis and nonhematologic malignancies are rarely reported to be associated with AA amyloidosis [2]. Excluding the tumors associated with localized amyloid, the incidence of generalized amyloidosis in patients with cancer has been estimated to be between 0.1 and 0.4% among all cancers [3]. From all cancers, renal carcinoma appears to be an important exception, because these tumors are responsible for 25–33% of all cancers associated with amyloidosis [4]. This low incidence of malignancy-related systemic AA amyloidosis seems to be linked to the short-term survival of cancer patients who died before significant systemic deposition of amyloid fibrils can occur. Although the association between renal cell carcinoma and systemic AA amyloidosis has been established, the evidence linking pulmonary cancer to AA amyloidosis is scarce [2, 5–7] and few reports concern mainly non small cell lung cancer and AA amyloidosis manifested by nephrotic syndrome [2, 5–8]. We report here the case of nephrotic syndrome and renal failure due to systemic AA amyloidosis in a patient with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). 2. Case Report A 56-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of generalized edema, renal failure, and proteinuria. Chemounresponsive advanced NSCLC (stage IIIB adenocarcinoma) had been diagnosed on the left upper lung one year earlier. Medical history was unremarkable for recurrent infectious or chronic inflammatory disease, familial hypotension or neuropathy, and familial Mediterranean fever. Biochemical screening of renal function had been normal two months previously (baseline serum creatinine level of 0.76？mg/dL). Physical examination findings revealed generalized edema without breathing sound on the upper zone of the left lung. His blood pressure was 80/60？mmHg. Urinalysis revealed 3+ proteinuria. Laboratory data were as follows: white blood cell count was 28,100/mm3, red blood cell count was /μL, hemoglobin was
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