Aim. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a serious public health problem is growing in the elderly. This study aimed to assess CKD prevalence and its related risk factors in elderly population of Fars province. Methods. In this cross sectional study a total of 1190 elderly people are enrolled, and demographic and medical data were obtained. Data were analyzed by SPSS, and P of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results. Prevalence of CKD stages III–V was 27.5% in the 60–69 years age group, 36.5% in the 70–79 years age group, and 40% in the ≥80 years age group. The prevalence of CKD increased with ageing in both men and women. Female gender was the strongest risk factor for CKD. Conclusions. Prevalence of CKD in elderly is high in Southern Iran, which has become an important health problem while it can be prevented or delayed in progression. 1. Introduction The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as a serious public health problem is growing in the elderly [1, 2]. CKD is associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and increases morbidity and mortality and cost of the health care system [3–5]. CKD is defined as either kidney damage, estimated by using such markers as albuminuria, or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60？mL/min/1.73？m2 [3]. In persons 60 years and older, approximately 30% have albuminuria and 26% have GFR of less than 60？mL/min/1.73？m2. Also elderly population is susceptible to kidney damage from other chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and tubulointerstitial disorders [6]. So early diagnosis and implementation of therapeutic strategies have been emphasized to delay the progression of disease and increase quality of life in these patients [7]. Although high prevalence of CKD in elderly, few studies have especially addressed this problem. Also there is no specific study about CKD prevalence in elderly and its related risk factors in our area. This population-based study aimed to assess the CKD prevalence and its related risk factors in elderly population of Fars province, Southern Iran. 2. Methods and Materials 2.1. Study Population This is a cross sectional, population-based study in Southern Iran. A total of 1190 elderly persons (age ≥ 60) were enrolled during a 2-year period (September 2009 to December 2011). This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the local Ethics Committee. All patients gave written informed consent. 2.2. Sample Size For calculation of sample size, with estimation error of 2.5% and a 95%
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