Concern about soil erosion on arable land in Britain dates back at least 40 years. Monitoring schemes and case studies have subsequently identified the areas at risk, the rates and frequencies and the major factors responsible for erosion. Initial concern focused on impacts on the farm and therefore on food production. Latterly the emphasis has shifted to off-farm impacts particularly reservoir sedimentation, muddy flooding of properties and the ecological damage to watercourses due to nutrient enrichment, pesticides and damage to fish spawning grounds from fine-sediment inputs. The shift has therefore been to concerns about a healthy and sustainable environment which includes soils. Government agencies, the water companies and the farming industry have lagged behind scientific studies in recognising and addressing erosion problems. Attempts at mitigation are now largely driven by the need to comply with the EU Water Framework Directive whereby watercourses must reach “good status” by 2015. Future changes in land use and climate will offer further challenges in terms of effective monitoring and compliance.
References
[1]
Bergsma, E. Terminology for Soil Erosion and Conservation. In Presented at International Society for Soil Science, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 1996.
[2]
Govers, G.; Poesen, J. Assessment of the interrill and rill contributions to total soil loss from an upland field plot. Geomorphology 1988, 1, 343–354, doi:10.1016/0169-555X(88)90006-2.
[3]
Evans, R.; McLaren, D. Soil Erosion and Its Impacts in England and Wales; Friends of the Earth: London, UK, 1996; p. 31.
[4]
Ruysschaert, G.; Poesen, J.; Verstraeten, G.; Govers, G. Soil losses due to crop harvesting in Europe. In Soil Erosion in Europe; Boardman, J., Poesen, J., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, UK, 2006; pp. 609–621.
[5]
Van Oost, K.; Govers, G. Tillage erosion. In Soil Erosion in Europe; Boardman, J., Poesen, J., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, UK, 2006; pp. 599–608.
[6]
Evans, R. The need for soil conservation. Area 1971, 3, 20–23.
[7]
Boardman, J. The need for soil conservation in Britain—Revisited. Area 2002, 34, 419–427.
[8]
Evans, R. Monitoring water erosion in lowland England and Wales—A personal view of its history and outcomes. Catena 2005, 64, 142–161, doi:10.1016/j.catena.2005.08.003.
[9]
Reed, A.H. Accelerated erosion of arable soils in the United Kingdom by rainfall and run-off. Outlook Agric. 1979, 10, 41–48.
[10]
Morgan, R.P.C. Soil erosion in the United Kingdom: field studies in the Silsoe area 1973–75. In Occasional Paper, No. 4; National College of Agricultural Engineering: Cranfield, UK, 1977.
[11]
Morgan, R.P.C. Soil erosion and conservation in Britain. Prog. Phy. Geog. 1980, 4, 24–47, doi:10.1177/030913338000400102.
[12]
Stammers, R.; Boardman, J. Soil erosion and flooding on downland areas. Surveyor 1984, 164, 8–11.
[13]
Evans, R.; McLaren, D. Soil Erosion and Its Impacts in England and Wales; Friends of the Earth: London, UK, 1996; p. 121.
[14]
Boardman, J.; Evans, R. Soil Erosion in Britain: A Review. In Conserving Soil Resources: European Perspectives; Rickson, R.J., Ed.; CAB International: Wallingford, UK, 1994; pp. 3–12.
[15]
Boardman, J.; Evans, R. Britain. In Soil Erosion in Europe; Boardman, J., Poesen, J., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, UK, 2006; pp. 439–453.
[16]
Boardman, J. The Sensitivity of Downland Arable Land to Erosion by Water. In Environmental Sensitivity; Thomas, D.S.G., Allison, R.J., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, UK, 1993; pp. 211–228.
[17]
Evans, R. Towards sustainable land management in Britain. Landwards 2013, Spring, 16–17.
[18]
Evans, R.; Boardman, J. The curtailment of flooding in the Sompting catchment. Soil Use Man. 2003, 19, 223–231, doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00308.x.
[19]
Favis-Mortlock, D.T.; Boardman, J.; Bell, M. Modelling long-term anthropogenic erosion of a loess cover, South Downs, UK. Holocene 1997, 7, 79–89, doi:10.1177/095968369700700107.
[20]
Evans, R. Sensitivity of British Landscape to Erosion. In Environmental Sensitivity; Thomas, D.S.G., Allison, R.J., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, UK, 1993; pp. 189–210.
[21]
Morgan, R.P.C. Soil erosion in Britain: The loss of a resource. Ecologist 1986, 16, 40–41.
[22]
Evans, R. Land Use and Accelerated Soil Erosion by Water in a Small catchment on the South Downs, West Sussex, England—Past and Present. In Landscapes Through the Lens; Cowley, D.C., Standring, R.A., Abicht, M.J., Eds.; Oxbow Books: Oxford, UK, 2010; pp. 129–142.
[23]
Bell, M.; Boardman, J. Past and Present Soil Erosion: Archaeological and Geographical Perspectives; Oxbow Monograph 22; Oxbow Books: Oxford, UK, 1992.
[24]
Bell, M. The Effects of Land-Use and Climate on Valley Sedimentation. In Climate Change in Later Prehistory; Harding, A.F., Ed.; Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh, UK, 1982; pp. 127–142.
[25]
Vita-Finzi, C. The Mediterranean Valleys: Geological Changes in Historical Times; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1969.
[26]
Pennington, W. Vegetation History in the North West of England: A Regional Synthesis. In Studies in the Vegetational History of the British Isles; Walker, D., West, R.G., Eds.; Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, 1970; pp. 41–79.
[27]
Jones, R.; Benson-Evans, K.; Chambers, F.M. Human influence upon sedimentation in Llangorse Lake, Wales. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 1985, 10, 227–235, doi:10.1002/esp.3290100305.
[28]
Harvey, A.M.; Oldfield, F.; Baron, A.F. Dating of post-glacial landforms in the central Howgills. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 1981, 6, 401–412, doi:10.1002/esp.3290060502.
[29]
Evans, R. Erosion in England and Wales—The Present is the Key to the Past. In Past and Present Soil Erosion: Archaeological and Geographical Perspectives; Bell, M., Boardman, J., Eds.; Oxbow Monograph 22; Oxbow Books: Oxford, UK, 1992; pp. 53–66.
[30]
Evans, R. Soil erosion in the UK initiated by grazing animals. Appl. Geog. 1997, 17, 127–141, doi:10.1016/S0143-6228(97)00002-7.
[31]
Evans, R. Soil Erosion: Its Impact on the English and Welsh Landscape since Woodland Clearance. In Soil Erosion on Agricultural Land; Boardman, J., Foster, I.D.L., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, UK, 1990; pp. 231–254.
[32]
Boardman, J. Soil Erosion: The Challenge of Assessing Variation through Space and Time. In Geomorphological Variations; Goudie, A.S., Kalvoda, J., Eds.; Nakladatelsti P3K: Prague, Czech Republic, 2007; pp. 205–220.
[33]
Evans, R.; Brazier, R. Evaluation of modelled spatially distributed predictions of soil erosion by water versus field-based assessments. Environ. Sci. Pol. 2005, 8, 493–501, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2005.04.009.
[34]
Quine, T.A.; Walling, D.E. Rates of soil erosion on arable fields in Britain: Quantitative data from caesium-137 measurements. Soil Use Man. 1991, 7, 169–176, doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1991.tb00870.x.
[35]
Walling, D.E.; Quine, T.A. Use of 137Cs measurements to investigate soil erosion on arable fields in the UK: Potential applications and limitations. J. Soil Sci. 1991, 42, 147–165, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1991.tb00099.x.
[36]
Quine, T.A.; Walling, D.E. In Farm Land Erosion: In Temperate Plains Environment and Hills; Wicherek, S., Ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1993; pp. 357–371.
[37]
Parsons, A.J.; Foster, I.D.L. What can we learn about soil erosion from the use of 137Cs? Earth Sci. Rev. 2011, 108, 101–113, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.06.004.
[38]
Evans, R. Assessing erosion in England and Wales. In Proceedings of the 7th ISCO ConferenceInternational Soil Conservation Organisation, Sydney, Australia, 27–30 September 1992; pp. 82–91.
[39]
Evans, R. Extent, Frequency and Rates of Rilling of Arable Land in Localities in England and Wales. In Temperate Plains Environments and Hills; Wicherek, S., Ed.; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1993; pp. 177–190.
[40]
Evans, R.; Boardman, J. Assessment of Water Erosion in Farmers’ Fields in the UK. In Conserving Soil Resources: European Perspectives; Rickson, R.J., Ed.; CABI: Wallingford, UK, 1994; pp. 13–24.
[41]
Chambers, B.J.; Davies, D.B.; Holmes, S. Monitoring of water erosion on arable farms in England and Wales, 1989–90. Soil Use Man. 1992, 8, 163–170, doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1992.tb00915.x.
[42]
Chambers, B.J.; Garwood, T.W.D. Monitoring of water erosion on arable farms in England and Wales, 1990–94. Soil Use Man. 2000, 16, 93–99, doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2000.tb00181.x.
[43]
Boardman, J. Soil erosion and flooding on the eastern South Downs, southern England, 1976–2001. Trans. Inst. Brit. Geog. NS 2003, 28, 176–196, doi:10.1111/1475-5661.00086.
[44]
Prasuhn, V. Soil erosion in the Swiss midlands: Results of a 10 year field survey. Geomorphology 2011, 126, 32–41, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.10.023.
[45]
Prasuhn, V. On-farm effects of tillage and crops on soil erosion measured over 10 years in Switzerland. Soil Till. Res. 2012, 120, 137–146, doi:10.1016/j.still.2012.01.002.
[46]
Evans, R.; Nortcliff, S. Soil erosion in north Norfolk. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 1978, 90, 185–192, doi:10.1017/S0021859600048735.
[47]
Evans, R. Curtailing water erosion of cultivated land: An example from north Norfolk, eastern England. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 2006, 31, 598–605, doi:10.1002/esp.1354.
[48]
Boardman, J. Soil erosion at Albourne, West Sussex, England. Appl. Geog. 1983, 3, 317–329, doi:10.1016/0143-6228(83)90048-6.
[49]
Colborne, G.J.N.; Staines, S.J. Soil erosion in south Somerset. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 1985, 104, 107–112, doi:10.1017/S0021859600043045.
[50]
Boardman, J. Severe erosion on agricultural land in East Sussex, UK October 1987. Soil Tech. 1988, 1, 333–348, doi:10.1016/0933-3630(88)90013-X.
[51]
Boardman, J. Storms, floods and soil erosion on the South Downs, East Sussex, autumn and winter 2000–01. Geography 2001, 84, 346–355.
[52]
Boardman, J.; Burt, T.; Evans, R.; Slattery, M.C.; Shuttleworth, H. Soil erosion and flooding as a result of a summer thunderstorm in Oxfordshire and Berkshire, May 1993. Appl. Geog. 1996, 16, 21–34, doi:10.1016/0143-6228(95)00023-2.
[53]
Foster, I.D.L.; Harrison, S.; Clark, D. Soil erosion in the West Midlands. Geography 1997, 82, 231–239.
[54]
Watson, A.; Evans, R. A comparison of estimates of soil erosion made in the field and from photographs. Soil Till. Res. 1991, 19, 17–27, doi:10.1016/0167-1987(91)90106-8.
[55]
Watson, A.; Evans, R. Water erosion of arable fields in north-east Scotland, 1985–2007. Scott. Geog. J. 2007, 123, 107–121, doi:10.1080/14702540701474287.
[56]
Boardman, J.; Hazelden, J. Examples of erosion on brickearth soils in east Kent. Soil Use Man. 1986, 2, 105–108, doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1986.tb00691.x.
[57]
Evans, R. Overgrazing and soil erosion on hill pastures with particular reference to the Peak District. J. Brit. Grass. Soc. 1977, 32, 65–76, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1977.tb01415.x.
[58]
Evans, R. The erosional impacts of grazing animals. Prog. Phy. Geog. 1998, 22, 251–268.
[59]
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. Sustainable Use of Soil; Report No 19; Her Majesty’s Stationery Office: London, UK, 1996.
[60]
McHugh, M.; Harrod, T.; Morgan, R. The extent of soil erosion in upland England and Wales. Earth Surf. Proc. Land. 2002, 27, 99–107, doi:10.1002/esp.308.
[61]
McHugh, M. Short-term changes in upland soil erosion in England and Wales: 1999 to 2002. Geomorphology 2007, 86, 204–213, doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.06.010.
[62]
Grieve, I.C.; Hipkin, J.A.; Davidson, D.A. Soil Erosion Sensitivity in Upland Scotland; Report No 24; Scottish Natural Heritage Research Survey and Monitoring Report: Edinburgh UK, 1994.
[63]
Grieve, I.C.; Davidson, D.A.; Gordon, J.E. Nature, extent and severity of soil erosion in upland Scotland. Land Deg. Rehab. 1995, 6, 41–55, doi:10.1002/ldr.3400060105.
[64]
Boardman, J.; Poesen, J.; Evans, R. Socio-economic factors in soil erosion and conservation. Environ. Sci. Pol. 2003, 6, 1–6, doi:10.1016/S1462-9011(02)00120-X.
[65]
Boardman, J.; Shepheard, M.; Walker, E.; Foster, I.D.L. Soil erosion and risk assessment for on- and off-farm impacts: A test case in the Midhurst area, West Sussex, UK. J. Environ. Man. 2009, 90, 2578–2588, doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.018.
[66]
Controlling Soil Erosion; Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs: London, UK, 2005.
[67]
Boardman, J. Soil erosion and farming: Assessing the risk. Geog. Rev. 2012, 26, 36–40.
[68]
Papy, F.; Boiffin, J. The use of farming systems for the control of runoff and erosion. Soil Technol. 1989, 1, 29–38.
[69]
Speirs, R.B.; Frost, C.A. The increasing incidence of accelerated soil water erosion on arable land in the east of Scotland. Res. Dev. Agric. 1985, 2, 161–167.
[70]
Bellamy, P.H.; Loveleand, P.J.; Bradley, R.I.; Lark, R.M.; Kirk, G.J. Carbon losses from all soils across England and Wales 1978–2003. Nature 2005, 437, 245–248, doi:10.1038/nature04038.
[71]
MAFF. Resource Use—Organic Matter Content of Agricultural Topsoils. In Towards Sustainable Agriculture: A Pilot Set of Indicators; Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food: London, UK, 2000; Volume PB4583, pp. 47–48.
[72]
Emmett, B.A.; Reynolds, B.; Chamberlain, P.M.; Rowe, E.; Spurgeon, D.; Brittain, S.A.; Frogbrook, Z.; Hughes, S.; Lawlor, A.J.; Poskitt, J.; et al. Countryside Survey: Soils Report from 2007; Technical Report No. 9/07; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology: Wallingford, UK, 2010.
[73]
Reed, A.H. The erosion risk of compaction. Soil Wat. 1983, 1, 29–33.
[74]
Withers, P.J.A.; Hodgkinson, R.A.; Bates, A.; Withers, C.M. Some effects of tramlines on surface runoff, sediment and phosphorus mobilization on an erosion-prone soil. Soil Use Man. 2006, 22, 245–255, doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2006.00034.x.
[75]
Boardman, J.; Robinson, D.A. Soil erosion, climatic vagary and agricultural change on the Downs around Lewes and Brighton, autumn 1982. Appl. Geog. 1985, 5, 243–258, doi:10.1016/0143-6228(85)90025-6.
[76]
Evans, R. Soils at risk of accelerated erosion in England and Wales. Soil Use Man. 1990, 6, 125–131, doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1990.tb00821.x.
[77]
Soil Survey of England and Wales. National Soil Map; Soil Survey of England and Wales: Harpenden, UK, 1983.
[78]
Jarvis, M.G.; Allen, R.H.; Fordham, S.J.; Hazelden, J.; Moffat, A.J.; Sturdy, R.G. Soils and Their Use in South East England; Bulletin No. 15; Soil Survey of England and Wales: Harpenden, UK, 1984.
[79]
Frost, C.A.; Speirs, R.B. Water erosion of soils in south-east Scotland—A case study. Res. Dev. Agric. 1984, 1, 145–152.
[80]
Frost, C.A.; Speirs, R.B. Soil erosion from a single rainstorm over an area in East Lothian, Scotland. Soil Use Man. 1996, 12, 8–12, doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1996.tb00524.x.
[81]
Speirs, R.B.; Frost, C.A. Soil water erosion on arable land in the United Kingdom. Res. Dev. Agric. 1987, 4, 1–11.
[82]
Kirkbride, M.P.; Reeves, A.D. Soil erosion caused by low-intensity rainfall in Angus, Scotland. Appl. Geog. 1993, 13, 299–311, doi:10.1016/0143-6228(93)90034-X.
[83]
Davidson, D.A.; Harrison, D.J. The nature, causes and implications of water erosion on arable land in Scotland. Soil Use Man. 1995, 11, 63–68, doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.1995.tb00498.x.
[84]
Robinson, D.A.; Blackman, J.D. Some Costs and Consequences of Soil Erosion and Flooding around Brighton and Hove, Autumn 1987. In Soil Erosion on Agricultural Land; Boardman, J., Foster, I.D.L., Dearing, J.A., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, UK, 1990; pp. 369–382.
[85]
Evans, R. Assessments of Soil Erosion and Peat Wastage for Parts of East Anglia, England, a Field Visit. In Soil Conservation: Problems and Prospects; Morgan, R.P.C., Ed.; Wiley: Chichester, UK, 1981; pp. 521–530.
[86]
Morgan, R.P.C. Sensitivity of European Soils to Ultimate Physical Degradation. In Scientific Basic for Soil Protection in the European Community; Barth, H., L’Hermite, P., Eds.; Elsevier: London, UK, 1987; pp. 147–157.
[87]
Evans, R. Sustainable practices to limit soil erosion: A review and discussion. CAB Rev. Perspect. Agric. Vet. Sci. Nutr. Nat. Resour. 2006, 1, 030:1–030:12.
[88]
Boardman, J. Soils and Sustainability: The Future of the South Downs. In Sustainable Farmland Management: Transdisciplinary Approaches; Fish, R., Seymour, S., Watkins, C., Steven, M., Eds.; CAB International: Wallingford, UK, 2008; pp. 49–57.
[89]
Boardman, J.; Poesen, J. Soil Erosion in Europe: Major Processes, Causes and Consequences. In Soil Erosion in Europe; Boardman, J., Poesen, J., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, UK, 2006; pp. 479–487.
[90]
Butcher, D.P.; Labadz, J.C.; Potter, W.R.; White, P. Reservoir sedimentation rates in the Southern Pennine region, UK. In Geomorphology and Sedimentology of Lakes and Reservoirs; McManus, J., Duck, R.W., Eds.; Wiley: Chichester, UK, 1993; pp. 73–92.
[91]
Evans, R.; McLaren, D. Soil Erosion and Its Impacts in England and Wales; Friends of the Earth: London, UK, 1996; p. 52.
[92]
Environment Agency. Agriculture and Natural Resources: Benefits, Costs and Potential Solutions; Environment Agency: Bristol, UK, 2002.
[93]
Evans, R. Soil Erosion and Land use: Towards a Sustainable Policy. In Proceedings of the Professional Environmental SeminarCambridge Committee for Interdisciplinary Environmental Studies, Cambridge, UK, 1995; Evans, R., Ed.; White Horse Press: Cambridge, UK, 1995; pp. 14–26.
[94]
Boardman, J. Property damage by run-off from agricultural land. Town Coun. Plan. 1994, 63, 249–251.
[95]
Boardman, J. The problem of muddy floods. Rural Prop. Bull. 2000, November/December, 26–27.
[96]
Boardman, J. Flooding and the use of land. Town Coun. Plan. 2001, 70, 113.
[97]
Boardman, J.; Evans, R.; Ford, J. Muddy floods on the South Downs, southern England: Problem and response. Environ. Sci. Pol. 2003, 6, 1–6, doi:10.1016/S1462-9011(02)00120-X.
[98]
Evans, R. Outdoor pigs and flooding: An English case study. Soil Use Man. 2004, 20, 178–181, doi:10.1079/SUM2004248.
[99]
Evans, R. Runoff and soil erosion in arable Britain: Changes in perception and policy since 1945. Environ. Sci. Pol. 2010, 13, 141–149, doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2010.01.001.
[100]
Evans, R.; McLaren, D. Soil Erosion and its Impacts in England and Wales; Friends of the Earth: London, UK, 1996; p. 53.
[101]
Harrod, T.R. Runoff, Soil Erosion and Pesticide Pollution in Cornwall. In Conserving Soil Resources: European Perspectives; Rickson, R.J., Ed.; CAB International: Wallingford, UK, 1994; pp. 105–115.
[102]
Evans, R. Rural land use in England and Wales and the delivery to the adjacent seas of nitrogen, phosphorus and atrazine. Soil Use Man. 2002, 19, 1–7.
[103]
Theurer, F.D.; Harrod, T.R.; Theurer, M. Sedimentation and Salmonids in England and Wales; R&D technical report P194; Environment Agency: Rotherham, UK, 1998; p. 63.
[104]
Sear, D.A. Fine Sediment Accumulations in the River Rother, West Sussex; Report to Southern Region NRA: Southampton, UK, 1996; p. 27.
[105]
Collins, A.L.; Zhang, Y.S.; Duethmann, D.; Walling, D.E.; Black, K.S. Using a novel tracing-tracking framework to source fine grained sediment loss to watercourses at sub-catchment scale. Hydrol. Proc. 2013, 27, 959–974, doi:10.1002/hyp.9652.
[106]
Evans, R. Pesticide run off into English rivers—A big problem for farmers. Pesticide News 2009, 85, 12–15.
[107]
Pretty, J.N.; Brett, C.; Gee, D.; Hine, R.E.; Mason, C.F.; Morison, J.I.L.; Raven, H.; Rayment, M.D.; van der Bijl, G. An assessment of the total external costs of UK agriculture. Agric. Syst. 2000, 65, 113–136, doi:10.1016/S0308-521X(00)00031-7.
[108]
Walker, E. Soil Erosion and DEFRA’s Catchment Sensitive Farming Programme—A Hertfordshire Case Study. Master Thesis, Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, UK, 2007.
[109]
Boardman, J.; Vandaele, K. Soil erosion, muddy floods and the need for institutional memory. Area 2010, 42, 502–513, doi:10.1111/j.1475-4762.2010.00948.x.
[110]
Evans, R. Land use, Sediment Delivery and Sediment Yield in England and Wales. In Soil Erosion and Sediment Redistribution in River Catchments; Owens, P.N., Collins, A.J., Eds.; CAB International: Wallingford, UK, 2006; pp. 70–84.
[111]
Evans, R. Curtailing grazing-induced erosion in a small catchment and its environs, the Peak District, Central Englan. Appl. Geog. 2005, 25, 81–95, doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2004.11.002.
[112]
Macleod, C.J.A.; Falloon, P.D.; Evans, R.; Haygarth, P.M. The effects of climate change on the mobilization of diffuse substances from agricultural systems. Adv. Agron. 2012, 115, 41–77, doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-394276-0.00002-0.
[113]
Hulme, M.; Jenkins, G.J.; Lu, X.; Turnpenny, J.; Mitchell, T.D.; Jones, R.G.; Lowe, J.; Murphy, J.M.; Hassell, D.; Boorman, P.; McDonald, R.; Hill, S. Climate Change Scenarios for the United Kingdom: The UKCIPPO2 Scientific Report; Scientific Report for Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia: Norwich, UK, 2002.
[114]
Boardman, J.; Spivey, D. Flooding and erosion in west Derbyshire, April 1983. East Mid. Geog. 1987, 10, 36–44.
[115]
Evans, R. Assessment and monitoring of accelerated water erosion of cultivated land—When will reality be acknowledged? Soil Use Man. 2013, 24, 105–118, doi:10.1111/sum.12010.
