As the leading proponent of psychoanalysis, Jung made trips to New York in 1912 and 1913. The first was to give his Fordham lectures, the second has escaped notice but was crucial in the early dissemination of Jungian psychology in the U.S. This paper will elaborate on this development by highlighting the career and influence of Beatrice Hinkle, the country’s first Jungian psychoanalyst. She was an M.D. and ardent feminist who introduced Jung to her Greenwich Village circle, translated his magnum opus Transformations and Symbols of the Libido, and helped establish the institutional basis of Jungian psychology in America.
References
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Burnham, J.C. Psychoanalysis and American Medicine: 1894–1918; Psychological Issues, Vol. V, No. 4; International Universities Press: Madison, CT, USA, 1967.
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Hale, N.G. Freud and the Americans, the Beginnings of Psychoanalysis in the United States,1876–1917; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA, 1971.
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Taylor, E.C.G. Jung and the Boston Psychopathologists 1902–1912. Voices 1985, 21, 131–144.
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Oberndorf, C. A History of Psychoanalysis in America; Harper Torchbooks: New York, NY, USA, 1964.
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The Collected Works of C. G. Jung; Read, H., Fordham, M., Adler, G., Eds.; Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA, 1970; Volume 5.
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Schwarz, J. Radical Feminists of HETERODOXY: Greenwich Village 1912–1949; New Victoria Publishing: Lebanon, NH, USA, 1982.
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Wittenstein, K. The Feminist Uses of Psychoanalysis: Beatrice M. Hinkle and the Foreshadowing of Modern Feminism in the United States. J. Wom. Hist. 1998, 10, 38–62, doi:10.1353/jowh.2010.0376.
[8]
The executor strictly followed the terms of the document.
[9]
She maintained a friendship with a Professor Whipple, an astrologer who had settled in Los Angeles.
[10]
25% of Hinkle’s class of 1899 were women; she wrote her medical thesis on enuresis in children.
[11]
O’Hagan, A. Beatrice Hinkle, mind explorer. Woman J. 1927, 12, 46–47.
[12]
MacKay, H. Reminiscences. Analytical Psychology Club of New York archives, Midtown East, New York, NY, USA. n.d.
[13]
See “Psychic Clinic Opened”, a short, anonymous item that appeared in the “Medical News” section of Journal of the American Medical Association, 31 October 1908; LI, No. 18, 1519.
[14]
Hinkle, B. Methods of psychotherapy. Psychotherapy 1909, II, 16–17.
[15]
The conference photo is arguably the best class picture ever taken of the early psychoanalytic movement. See Jaffe, A. Word & Image; Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA, 1979; pp. 54–55.
[16]
Hinkle, B. Jung’s Libido Theory and the Bergsonian Philosophy. New York Medical Journal 1914.
[17]
Teller letter to Mary Haskell, 24 September 1912. Minis Family Papers (Collection #2725), Southern Historical Collection, Wilson Library, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Box 24, File 159.
[18]
Collected Papers on Analytical Psychology, 2nd ed.; Long, C., Ed.; Baillière, Tindall and Cox: London, UK, 1922. This article now comprises the opening section of “General Aspects of Dream Psychology” (Collected Works, Volume 8), paragraphs 443–476.
[19]
Zigrosser, C. My Own Shall Come to Me; Joh. Enschede en zonen: Haarlem, The Netherlands, 1971.
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Sheaffer, L. O’Neill: Son and Artist; Little, Brown: Boston, MA, USA, 1973.
[21]
London, C. The Book of Jack London, Volume 2; The Century Co.: New York, NY, USA, 1921.
[22]
Alfred Stieglitz heavily underlined her introduction in his copy of the book, see Pyne, K. Modernism and the Feminine Voice: O’Keeffe and the Women of the Stieglitz Circle; The University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, USA, 2007; p. 175.
[23]
An anonymous review that dismissed Jung’s book for its “muddy morass of medieval mysticism” considered her introduction the most valuable part of the book The American Journal of Urology; 1916; Volume 12, p. 288.
[24]
Wood, C. A Song of the Village. In The Greenwich Village Blues; H. Harrison: New York, NY, USA, 1926.
[25]
Untermeyer, J.S. Private Collection; Knopf: New York, NY, USA, 1965.
[26]
There is a family story that Hinkle was a friend of Margaret Mead’s until the two had a falling out.
[27]
For other connections that Hinkle had, see: Sherry, J. Faint voices from Greenwich Village: Jung’s impact on the first American avant-garde. J. Anal. Psychol. 2011, 56, 692–707, doi:10.1111/j.1468-5922.2011.01940.x.
[28]
Hinkle at the Kristine Mann memorial service, 6 January 1946, Analytical Psychology Club of New York archives.
[29]
Hinkle, B. Re-Creating the Individual; Harcourt, Brace: New York, NY, USA, 1923.
[30]
See Jung’s letter to Henry Murray, 19 December 1938. Princeton University Press: Princeton, NJ, USA, 1975.
