全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Making Migrants Visible in Post-MDG Debates

DOI: 10.3390/su6010399

Keywords: post-MDG debate, migration, mobility, development, Nepal

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

While it is still a matter of global dialogue whether and how migration will feature in the post-2015 framework, remittance-dependent countries like Nepal clearly back migration in their post-Millennium Development Goal (MDG) discussions. We argue that a broader concept of mobility has to be integrated into those debates. This understanding would go beyond remittance-intense migration to include the increasing diversity of migration patterns and related commodification services, the close linkages between internal and international mobility, and the unequal access to and benefits of mobility, all of which calls for a more fundamental human rights perspective to be integrated into post-MDG-debates.

References

[1]  Overseas Development Institute (ODI); German Development Institute/Deutsches Institut fuer Entwicklungspolitik (DIE); European Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM). European Report on Development Post-2015: Global Action for an Inclusive and Sustainable Future; European Union: Brussels, Belgium, 2013.
[2]  Skeldon, R. International migration as a tool in development policy: a passing phase? Popul. Dev. Rev. 2008, 34, 1–18, doi:10.1111/j.1728-4457.2008.00203.x.
[3]  IOM (International Organization for Migration). Available online: http://www.iom.int (accessed 23 July 2013).
[4]  De Haas, H.; Rodriguez, F. Mobility and human development: introduction. J. Hum. Dev. Capab. 2010, 11, 177–184, doi:10.1080/19452821003696798.
[5]  Glick Schiller, N.; Faist, T. Migration, Development and Transnationalization: A Critical Stance; Berghahn Books: New York, NY, USA, 2010.
[6]  Vammen, I.; Br?nden, B.M. Donor country responses to the migration–development buzz: from ambiguous concepts to ambitious policies? Int. Migrat. 2012, 50, 26–42, doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2012.00756.x.
[7]  UN System Task Team on the Post 2015 Development Agenda. Realizing the Future We Want for All: Report to the Secretary General; UN: New York, NY, USA, 2012.
[8]  Knoll, A.; Keijzer, N. Will a post-2015 development framework acknowledge migration? Available online: http://publications.iom.int/bookstore/free/MigrationPolicyPracticeJournal9_22Feb2013.pdf (access on 9 October 2013).
[9]  World Bank. Migration and Remittances. Available online: http://worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/0,,contentMDK:21924020~pagePK:5105988~piPK:360975~theSitePK:214971,00.html (accessed 23 July 2013).
[10]  Sharma, S.R. Miles to Go Before We Sleep: Poverty and the Millennium Development Goals in Nepal, NCCR North-South Dialogue 35; NCCR North-South: Bern, Switzerland, 2011.
[11]  Geiser, U.; Steimann, B. MDG 1: Armutsreduktion als “virtuelle Realit?t” – Zum Spannungsfeld globaler Entwicklungsinitiativen und deren lokaler Umsetzung. Geographische Rundschau 2012, 11, 12–18. (in Germany).
[12]  NPC (Nepal Planning Commission); UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). Millennium Development Goals Needs Assessment for Nepal 2010; NPC and UNDP: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2011.
[13]  Kumar, R.R. Nexus between financial and technology inclusion, remittances and trade openness vis-à-vis growth: a study of Nepal. Econ. J. Nepal 2011, 34, 13–30.
[14]  Acharya, S.P.; Sainju, R.S. Achieving Millennium Development Goals in Nepal: Highlights. In Paper presented at the Sub Regional Workshop LDCs in achieving MDGs as a part of the implementation of the Istanbul Program of Action (South-East Asia/North and East Asia), organized by United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), Incheon, Republic of Korea, 14–16 September 2011.
[15]  Thieme, S. Social Networks and Migration: Far West Nepalese Labour Migrants in Delhi; LIT: Münster, Germany, 2006.
[16]  Thieme, S.; Müller-B?ker, U.; Backhaus, N. Glimpses of women’s livelihoods in a transnational social space between Nepal and India. In Gendered Geographies: Interrogating Place and Space; Saraswati, R., Ed.; South Asia Oxford University Press: Delhi, India, 2011; pp. 60–81.
[17]  Ghimire, A. Caught between two worlds: internal-displacement-induced dilemma in Nepal. EBHR 2009–2010, 35–36, 91–106.
[18]  Ghimire, A. Placing internal displacement in the sustainable development agenda: the case of Nepal. In Peace and Sustainable Development in South Asia: The Way Forward; Aneel, S.S., Haroon, U.T., Niazi, I., Eds.; Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) and Sang-e-Meel Publications: Islamabad, Pakistan, 2012; pp. 23–46.
[19]  Nepal Migration Yearbook 2011; Ghimire, A., Upreti, B.R., Gurung, G., Adhikari, J., Arnoy, J., Thieme, S., Eds.; NIDS and NCCR (North-South): Kathmandu, Nepal, 2012.
[20]  Nepal Migration Yearbook 2010; Ghimire, A., Rajbanshi, A., Upreti, B.R., Gurung, G., Adhikari, J., Thieme, S., Eds.; NIDS and NCCR (North-South): Kathmandu, Nepal, 2011.
[21]  UNSDSN (United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network). An Action Agenda for Sustainable Development. Report for the UN Secretary-General; UN: New York, NY, USA, 2013.
[22]  Glick-Schiller, N. Unravelling the migration and development web: research and policy implications. Int. Migrat. 2012, 50, 92–97, doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2012.00757.x.
[23]  Delgado Wise, R.; Marquez Covarrubias, H.; Puentes, R. Reframing the debate on migration, development and human rights. Popul. Space Place 2013, 19, 430–443, doi:10.1002/psp.1783.
[24]  Brusle, T. Who’s in a labour camp? A socio-economic analysis of Nepalese migrants in Qatar. EBHR 2009–2010, 35–36, 154–172.
[25]  Sharma, J.R. Practices of male labor migration from the hills of Nepal to India in development discourses: Which pathology? Gend. Dev. Tech. 2008, 12, 303–323, doi:10.1177/097185240901200302.
[26]  Valentin, K. The role of education in mobile livelihoods: social and geographical routes of young Nepalese migrants in India. Anthropol. Edu. Q. 2012, 43, 429–442, doi:10.1111/j.1548-1492.2012.01195.x.
[27]  CBS (Central Bureau of Statistics). Nepal Living Standard Survey 2010/11: Volume 2; CBS Nepal: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2011; pp. 78–79.
[28]  Adhikari, R. The “dream- trap”: Brokering,“study abroad” and nurse migration from Nepal to the UK. European Bulletin for Himalayan Research, 2009–2010, 35–36, pp. 122–138. Available online: http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ebhr/pdf/EBHR_35&36_09.pdf (accessed on 9 October 2013).
[29]  MoE (Ministry of Education) Nepal. Raw data of “No Objection” letter issued from the Ministry till 2011; MoE: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2011.
[30]  United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Nepal MDGs Progress Report 2010; UNDP: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2010.
[31]  MoF (Ministry of Finance) Nepal. Economic Survey: Fiscal Year 2011/2012; MoF: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2012.
[32]  IOM (International Organization for Migration); FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). A Rapid Situation Analysis on Agriculture and Migration in Nepal; IOM and FAO: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2010.
[33]  Wagle, U.R. Socioeconomic Implications of the Increasing Foreign Remittance to Nepal: Evidence from the Nepal Living Standard Survey. Int. Migrat. 2012, 50, 186–207, doi:10.1111/j.1468-2435.2011.00727.x.
[34]  Thieme, S.; Müller-B?ker, U. Social Networks and Migration: Women’s Livelihoods Between Far West Nepal and Delhi. EBHR 2009–2010, 35/36, 107–122.
[35]  Gartaula, H.N.; Niehof, A.; Visser, L.E. Shifting perceptions of food security and land in the context of labour out-migration in rural Nepal. Food Secur. 2012, 4, 181–194, doi:10.1007/s12571-012-0190-3.
[36]  Kaspar, H. I am the head of the household now: The impacts of outmigration for labour on gender hierarchies in Nepal. In Gender and Sustainable Development: Case Studies from NCCR North-South; Premchander, S., Müller, C., Eds.; Perspectives of the Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research North-South (NCCR),Geographica Bernensia: Berne, Switzerland, 2006; Volume 2, pp. 285–303.
[37]  THRD (Terai Human Rights Defenders) Alliance. Impact of Remittance in Madesh; THRD Alliance: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2012.
[38]  Bhadra, C. The impact of Foreign Labour migration to Enhance Economic Security and Address VAW among Nepali Women Migrant Workers and Responsiveness of Local governance to Ensure Safe Migration. Report submitted to the Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare, Ministry of Labour and Employment, Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development; Government of Nepal: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2013.
[39]  Brusle, T. What Kind of Place is This? Daily Life, Privacy and the Inmate Metaphor in a Nepalese Workers’ Labour Camp (Qatar). South Asia Multidiscip. Acad. J. 2012, 6, 1–59.
[40]  CBS (Central Bureau of Statistics). Population Census of Nepal; CBS: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2001.
[41]  MoHP (Ministry of Health and Population Nepal). Nepal Population Report 2011; MoHP: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2011.
[42]  Gartaula, H.N. International Migration and Local Development in Nepal. Contrib. Nepal. Stud. 2009, 36, 37–65.
[43]  Graner, E. Leaving hills and plains: migration and remittances in Nepal. EBHR 2009–2010, 33/34, 24–42.
[44]  Piotrowski, M.; Ghimire, D.J.; Rindfuss, R. Farming systems and rural out-migration in Nang Rong, Thailand, and Chitwan Valley, Nepal. Rural Sociol. 2013, 78, 75–108, doi:10.1111/ruso.12000.
[45]  NTB (Nepal Tourism Board). Tourist Arrival Figures-March 2012. Available online: http://www.welcomenepal.com (accessed on 22 March 2013).
[46]  UNDP (United Nations Development Programme). Human Development Report 2009, Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and Development; UNDP: New York, NY, USA, 2009.
[47]  CBS (Central Bureau of Statistics). National Population and Housing Census 2011; CBS: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2012.
[48]  IDMC (Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre). Global Overview of Trends and Developments in 2005; IDMC: Geneva, Switzerland, 2006.
[49]  Upreti, B.R.; Paudel, S.B.; Ghimire, S. Ignored or Ill-represented? The Grievance of Terai-Madhes Conflict in Nepal; Adroit Publishers: New Delhi, India, 2013.
[50]  P?rtner, E.; Junginger, M.; Müller-B?ker, U. Migration in Far West Nepal: intergenerational linkages between internal and international migration of rural-to-urban migrants. Criti. Asian Stud. 2011, 43, 23–47, doi:10.1080/14672715.2011.537850.
[51]  Guarnizo, L.E. The economics of transnational living. Int. Migrat. Rev. 2006, 3, 666–699, doi:10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00154.x.
[52]  Gammeltoft-Hansen, T.; S?rensen Nyberg, N. The Migration Industry and the Commercialization of International Migration; Routledge: London, UK, 2012.
[53]  Gurung, G.; Sharma, B.M.; Manandhar, S. Protecting Nepalese women migrant workers, Research Evidence for Policy, Regional Edition South Asia No. 10; Upreti, B., Ed.; NCCR North-South: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2013.
[54]  Mosse, D.A. Relational approach to durable poverty, inequality and power. J. Dev. Stud. 2010, 46, 1156–1178, doi:10.1080/00220388.2010.487095.
[55]  Berardi-Tradié, B. Migration and Urban Associations: Notes on Social Networks in Pokhara, Nepal. EBHR 2009–2010, 35–36, 75–90.
[56]  Hatcher, C.; Balybaeva, A. Simplifying the propiska: Realising the benefits of internal migration; NCCR North-South: Berne, Switzerland, 2013.
[57]  Ghimire, A. Social and Territorial Impacts of Armed Conflict Induced Displacement and the Livelihoods of Internally Displaced Persons in Nepal. PhD thesis, Kathmandu University, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2009.
[58]  NRC (Norwegian Refugee Council); INHURED; IRC (International Red Cross); CARITAS; INSEC; SCF (Save the Children Foundation). Distant from Durable Solutions: Conflict Induced Internal Displacement in Nepal; NRC, INHURED, IRC, CARITAS, INSEC, SCF: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2009.
[59]  NPC (National Planning Commission Nepal). Three Years Plan 2011/12–2013/14; NPC: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2012.
[60]  MoYS (Ministry of Youth and Sports Nepal). Nepal Youth Policy 2010; MoYS: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2010.
[61]  UNIFEM (United Nations Development Fund for Women); People’s Forum. Mahila ko Surakshit Baideshik Rojgar: Kanun ra Kanun Karanwayan Sanyantraharu ko Prabhavkarita; UNIFEM and People’s Forum: Kathmandu, Nepal, 2006. (in Nepali).

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133