Objectives. To evaluate the level of knowledge about the radiation exposure to diagnostic imaging procedures among the final-year medical students and interns and to suggest how education could be improved. Material and Methods. All 355 final-year medical students and interns from Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital in Addis Ababa were included in the study. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of their actual knowledge on ionizing radiation and on their preferred method of learning. All questions were in multiple choice formats ranging from 4 to 7 choices. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical software. Results. A total of 343 completed questionnaires were received. Up to 78.9% of respondents underestimated or do not know the radiation dose from commonly requested radiological procedures. Surprisingly, 245 (71.4%) and 254 (79.3%) students incorrectly believed that ultrasound and MRI, respectively, emit ionizing radiation or they do not know if they emit radiation or not. Both interns and medical students did not have significant difference in their knowledge of ionizing radiation. A combination of tutorials or workshops (29.7%) and learning modules (19.8%) combined were their first and last preferred methods of teaching for future radiation awareness, respectively.？？Conclusion. This study has clearly shown that awareness of ionizing radiation from diagnostic imaging is lacking among senior medical students and interns. The results highlight the need for improved education to minimize unnecessary exposure of patients. 1. Introduction Nowadays, medical imaging procedures involving the use of ionizing radiation are used daily in hospitals and clinics, making possible more accurate diagnosis of diseases and injuries. However, the use of ionizing radiation such as X-rays is also associated with potentially harmful biological effects specifically; high radiation doses tend to kill cells, while low doses tend to damage or alter the DNA of irradiated cells [1, 2]. The risk of radiation exposure from medical imaging is not insignificant; it is now believed that a linear relationship exists between radiation exposure and cancer development. In recent times, many studies have clearly documented the harmful effects of radiation exposure [3–7]. Evidences suggest that exposure of fetus in utero during pregnancy may lead to wide range of malformations. Early childhood (up to 10 years) exposure carries an enhanced radiation risk, and it has been estimated that the probability of induction of cancer especially leukaemia is about two to
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