Marine molluscs are widely distributed throughout the world and many bioactive compounds exhibiting antiviral, antitumor, antileukemic, and antibacterial activity have been reported worldwide. The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of methanol extract of Euchelus asper (EAME) on estrogen deficiency induced osteoporosis in ovariectomised mice model. Forty-two female Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned into Sham operated (Sham) group and six ovariectomised (OVX) subgroups such as OVX with vehicle (OVX); OVX with estradiol (2？mg/kg/day); OVX with EAME of graded doses (25, 50, 100, and 200？mg/kg/day). Bone turnover markers like serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum acid phosphatase (ACP), serum calcium, and histological investigations of tibia and uterus were analysed. Metaphyseal DNA content of the femur bone was also studied. Antiosteoclastogenic activity of EAME was examined. Administration of EAME was able to reduce the increased bone turnover markers in the ovariectomised mice. Histomorphometric analysis revealed an increase in bone trabeculation and restoration of trabecular separation by EAME treatment. Metaphyseal DNA content of the femur of the OVX mice was increased by EAME administration. EAME also showed a potent antiosteoclastogenic behaviour. Thus, the present study reveals that EAME was able to successfully reduce the estrogen deficiency induced bone loss. 1. Introduction Osteoporosis is a condition of skeletal fragility characterised by decreased bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in risk of fracture [1]. Osteoporosis is a worldwide health issue, with a high prevalence of disease not only in western countries but also in Asia and Latin America [2]. Women were found to have a higher risk of getting osteoporosis than men with the ratio of 1.6？:？1. Postmenopausal osteoporosis stems from the cessation of ovarian function at menopause which heightens and prolongs the rapid phase of bone loss characteristic of the early postmenopausal period [3]. It is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, reduction in quality of life, and increasing health care. About 1 in 3 women aged more than 50 years experienced an osteoporotic fracture in their lifetime. In women, osteoporosis and fractures mainly occur as a consequence of decrease in estrogen after menopause and result from an imbalance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts, leading to a net bone loss with each remodelling cycle. Estrogen deficiency also augments erosion
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