The paper presents the metaheuristic approaches based on pattern search and simulated annealing hybridized with sequential quadratic programming, a powerful nonlinear adaptive technique for estimation of the finest combination of generated power in a given system at lowest operating cost while sustaining the operating condition of system efficiently. The fuel cost is minimized by satisfying the nonlinear operating conditions of thermal units mainly based on generation capacity constraints, generator ramp limit, power balance constraints, and valve point loading effect and by keeping in view the prohibited operating zones, respectively. About the optimization, a comparative study is made for pattern search (PS) and simulated annealing (SA), as a viable global search technique and sequential quadratic programming, an efficient local optimizer and their hybrid versions. The applicability, stability, and reliability of the designed approaches are validated through comprehensive statistical analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations. 1. Introduction The performance and designing of electric power system serve two purposes; one is to maintain the economy and the other is to include reliability of the system [1]. Economic dispatch problem (EDP) is one of the significant optimization problems in industrial independent power system and acquires increasing importance as the operating cost and electric energy demand is increasing globally around the planet [2, 3]. The procedure involves dividing the power demand of generating system for online thermal units in such manner that their operating cost is optimal while satisfying the power demand to the user and constraint adequately [3, 4]. Since the operating cost of generating unit is inflated an optimal EDP can lead to prominent cost saving with reducing the atmospheric emission of thermal power plant [4]. In the energy crises age, a number of engineers and scientists are taking interest in the optimized solution of this industrial problem [5] by keeping in view the constraints like generator ramp limit, power balance, and valve point loading effect (VPLE) and prohibited operating zones [6, 7]. However the facts of EDP with multiple fueling option (MFO) and MFO combined with VPLE conditions is not well addressed simultaneously, which are the motivations for taking this study with metaheuristic computing approach. Traditional numerical models and programming strategies have been developed, like lambda iteration method, quadratic programming, Lagrangian relaxation algorithm, base point participation factor, gradient
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