Aim. To describe the features and examine effects of community based HIV prevention interventions implemented in developing countries on HIV-related knowledge and self-reported risk behavior. Background. The HIV epidemic has a significant impact on developing countries, increasing the prevalence of HIV among young persons. Community-based HIV prevention interventions have been designed to improve HIV-related knowledge and decrease engagement in risk behavior. Variations in the design and implementation of these interventions have been reported, which may influence their effectiveness. Design. Systematic review. Method. Data were extracted on the characteristics of the study and interventions and effects of the interventions on knowledge and self-report of risk behavior. Results. In total, 10 studies were included in the review. Overall, the results showed variability in theoretical underpinning, dose, and mode of delivery of the interventions. Multicomponent interventions that used mixed teaching methods produced beneficial effects on knowledge and self-reported risk behavior. Conclusion. Examining the characteristics of HIV-prevention interventions provides direction for researchers in developing efficient interventions to improve knowledge and reduce engagement in self-reported risk behavior and, in turn, decrease transmission of HIV. 1. Introduction The HIV/AIDS epidemic has had a significant impact on morbidity and mortality rates, with estimates of 33.4 million persons living with HIV [1] and 25 million lives claimed worldwide [2]. It is reported that more than 95% of persons living with HIV reside in developing countries. In Asia and the Pacific, there are over 7 million persons living with HIV [3]. The continent of Africa has been the most affected by the epidemic with prevalence rates ranging between 2% and 5.2% in West and Central Africa [4]; in Sub-Saharan Africa the total number of persons living with HIV is estimated to be two thirds of the global total number of infected persons [4]. Young persons between 15 and 24 years of age are most affected by the epidemic, with estimates of 6,000 and 7,000 becoming infected each day [4]; 95% of these reside in developing countries [5]. Young men constitute one-quarter of persons living with HIV and are at risk of contracting HIV because of their engagement in risk behaviors (e.g., unprotected sexual intercourse and multiple sexual partners) [6]. Young women also are at an increased risk of contracting HIV because of sociocultural factors such as lack of power and formal education, oppression, poverty,
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