全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Feature Extraction with Ordered Mean Values for Content Based Image Classification

DOI: 10.1155/2014/454876

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Categorization of images into meaningful classes by efficient extraction of feature vectors from image datasets has been dependent on feature selection techniques. Traditionally, feature vector extraction has been carried out using different methods of image binarization done with selection of global, local, or mean threshold. This paper has proposed a novel technique for feature extraction based on ordered mean values. The proposed technique was combined with feature extraction using discrete sine transform (DST) for better classification results using multitechnique fusion. The novel methodology was compared to the traditional techniques used for feature extraction for content based image classification. Three benchmark datasets, namely, Wang dataset, Oliva and Torralba (OT-Scene) dataset, and Caltech dataset, were used for evaluation purpose. Performance measure after evaluation has evidently revealed the superiority of the proposed fusion technique with ordered mean values and discrete sine transform over the popular approaches of single view feature extraction methodologies for classification. 1. Introduction Massive expansion of image data has been observed due to the use of digital cameras, Internet, and other image capturing devices in recent times. Classifying images has been considered as a vital research domain for efficient handling of image data as discussed by Lu and Weng in [1]. Recognition of images based on the content has been dependent on extraction of visual features from the dataset as suggested by Liu and Bai in [2], Agrawal et al. in [3], and Kekre and Thepade in [4]. Conventional approaches for feature extraction from images have considered binarization as a means to differentiate the image into higher and lower intensity values as adopted in one of their approaches by Kekre and Thepade in [5] and Shaikh et al. in [6], respectively. Multiple applications of binarization on graphic images and document images have been implemented, some of which were proposed by Ntirogiannis et al. [7], Sezgin and Sankur [8], and Yang and Yan [9]. A novel technique for feature extraction using values of ordered means has been proposed in this work. However, an image encompassed diverse features which can hardly be described with a single technique of feature extraction. Image recognition has been stimulated in the past by feature extraction with partial coefficient in transform domain as discussed by Kekre et al. [10]. Hence discrete sine transform and Kekre transform were applied on the images to extract partial coefficients as feature vectors in

References

[1]  D. Lu and Q. Weng, “A survey of image classification methods and techniques for improving classification performance,” International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 823–870, 2007.
[2]  Y. Liu and T. Bai, “Automatic images classification based on multi-features combined with MIL,” in Proceedings of the IEEE 4th International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, vol. 1, pp. 118–121, 2011.
[3]  S. Agrawal, N. K. Verma, P. Tamrakar, and P. Sircar, “Content based color image classification using SVM,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG '11), pp. 1090–1094, Las Vegas, Nev, USA, April 2011.
[4]  H. B. Kekre and S. D. Thepade, “Image Retrieval using augmented block truncation coding techniques,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control (ICAC3 '09), pp. 384–390, January 2009.
[5]  H. B. Kekre and S. D. Thepade, “Image Retrieval using augmented block truncation coding techniques,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control (ICAC3 '09), pp. 384–390, ACM, January 2009.
[6]  S. H. Shaikh, A. K. Maiti, and N. Chaki, “A new image binarization method using iterative partitioning,” Machine Vision and Applications, vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 337–350, 2013.
[7]  K. Ntirogiannis, B. Gatos, and I. Pratikakis, “An objective evaluation methodology for document image binarization techniques,” Proceedings of the 8th IAPR Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, 2008.
[8]  M. Sezgin and B. Sankur, “Survey over image thresholding techniques and quantitative performance evaluation,” Journal of Electronic Imaging, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 146–168, 2004.
[9]  Y. Yang and H. Yan, “An adaptive logical method for binarization of degraded document images,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 787–807, 2000.
[10]  H. B. Kekre, S. D. Thepade, A. Viswanathan, A. Varun, P. Dhwoj, and N. Kamat, “Palm print identification using fractional coefficients of Sine/Walsh/Slant transformed palm print images,” Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol. 145, pp. 214–220, 2011.
[11]  S. Thepade, R. Das, and S. Ghosh, “Image classification using advanced block truncation coding with ternary image maps,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communication and Control, vol. 361 of Communications in Computer and Information Science, pp. 500–509, 2013.
[12]  S. Thepade, R. Das, and S. Ghosh, “Performance comparison of feature vector extraction techniques in RGB color space using block truncation coding for content based image classification with discrete classifiers,” in Proceedings of the Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON '13), pp. 1–6, Mumbai, India, December 2013.
[13]  H. B. Kekre, S. Thepade, R. K. Kumar Das, and S. Ghosh, “Multilevel block truncation coding with diverse color spaces for image classification,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Technology and Engineering (ICATE '13), pp. 1–7, IEEE, Mumbai, India, January 2013.
[14]  H. B. Kekre, S. Thepade, R. Das, and S. Ghosh, “Performance boost of block truncation coding based image classification using bit plane slicing,” International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 47, no. 15, pp. 45–48, 2012.
[15]  N. Otsu, “A threshold selection method from gray -level histogram,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 62–66, 1979.
[16]  W. Niblack, An Introduction to Digital Image Processing, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, 1998.
[17]  J. Sauvola and M. Pietik?inen, “Adaptive document image binarization,” Pattern Recognition, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 225–236, 2000.
[18]  J. Bernsen, “Dynamic thresholding of gray level images,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR ’86), pp. 1251–1255, 1986.
[19]  R. D. Lins, S. J. Simske, J. Fan, et al., “Image classification to improve printing quality of mixed-type documents,” in Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR '09), pp. 1106–1110, July 2009.
[20]  Y.-F. Chang, Y.-T. Pai, and S.-J. Ruan, “An efficient thresholding algorithm for degraded document images based on intelligent block detection,” in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC '08), pp. 667–672, SMC, October 2008.
[21]  B. Gatos, I. Pratikakis, and S. J. Perantonis, “Efficient binarization of historical and degraded document images,” in Proceedings of the 8th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS '08), pp. 447–454, Nara, Japan, September 2008.
[22]  M. Valizadeh, N. Armanfard, M. Komeili, and E. Kabir, “A novel hybrid algorithm for binarization of badly illuminated document images,” in Proceedings of the 14th International CSI Computer Conference (CSICC '09), pp. 121–126, October 2009.
[23]  H. Hamza, E. Smigiel, and A. Belaid, “Neural based binarization techniques,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, vol. 1, pp. 317–321, September 2005.
[24]  Y. Yang and Z. Zhang, “A novel local threshold binarization method for QR image,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Automatic Control and Artificial Intelligence (ACAI '12), pp. 224–227, March 2012.
[25]  J.-M. Guo and M.-F. Wu, “Improved block truncation coding based on the void-and-cluster dithering approach,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 211–213, 2009.
[26]  H. B. Kekre, S. Thepade, A. Athawale, A. Shah, P. Verlekar, and S. Shirke, “Energy compaction and image splitting for image retrieval using kekre transform over row and column feature vectors,” International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 289–298, 2010.
[27]  H. B. Kekre, S. Thepade, and A. Maloo, “Comprehensive performance comparison of Cosine, Walsh, Haar, Kekre, Sine, slant and Hartley transforms for CBIR with fractional coefficients of transformed image,” International Journal of Image Processing, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 336–351, 2011.
[28]  E. Walia and A. Pal, “Fusion framework for effective color image retrieval,” Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 25, pp. 1335–1348, 2014.
[29]  J. Li and J. Z. Wang, “Automatic linguistic indexing of pictures by a statistical modeling approach,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 25, no. 9, pp. 1075–1088, 2003.
[30]  S. Sridhar, Image Features Representation and Description Digital Image Processing, India Oxford University Press, New Delhi, India, 2011.
[31]  J. Han, M. Kamber, and J. Pei, “Classification: advanced methods,” in Data Mining Concepts and Techniques, pp. 423–425, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Waltham, Mass, USA, 3rd edition, 2011.
[32]  S. B. Kotsiantis, “Supervised machine learning: a review of classification techniques,” Informatica, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 249–268, 2007.

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413