全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...
Detection  2015 

Radium and Uranium Concentrations Measurements in Vegetables Samples of Iraq

DOI: 10.4236/detection.2015.34004, PP. 21-28

Keywords: Radium, Uranium, Can Technique, CR-39 Detectors, Vegetables, Iraqi Markets

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

In the present study twenty-two vegetable samples were collected from Iraqi market. Sealed can technique using CR-39 plastic track detector strippable has been used in order to measure radium and uranium concentrations. Etching was done with 6.25 N NaOH and optical microscope was used with the purpose of counting of alpha particle tracks. The values of effective radium content are found to range from 0.074 Bq/ kg to 0.566 Bq/ kg with the mean value of 0.317 Bq/kg. The values of uranium concentrations are found to range from 0.081 ppm to 0.615 ppm with the mean value of 0.345 ppm. Positive correlation has been observed between radium concentration and uranium concentrations in vegetable samples. Measurements of radium and uranium concentrations in vegetables are important from the health protection point of view, so simple and reliable analytical methods must be available.

References

[1]  Quindos, L.S., Fernandez, P.L., Soto, J., Rodenas, C. and Comez, J. (1994) Natural Radioactivity in Spanish Soils. Health Physics, 66, 194-200.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199402000-00010
[2]  Evans, R.D. (1974) Radium in Man. Health Physics, 27, 497-510.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-197411000-00010
[3]  Binesh, A., Pourhabib, Z., Arabshahi, H. and Mohammadi, S. (2011) Determination of Radon and Radium in Springs, Wells, Rivers and Drinking Water Samples of Ramsar in Iran. International Journal of Science and Advanced Technology, 2, 32-36.
[4]  Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment-California Environmental Protection Agency, Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology Branch (2006) Public Health Goals for Chemicals in Drinking Water RADIUM-226 and -228.
[5]  Bruland, O.S., Jonasdottir, T.J., Fisher, D.R. and Larsen, R.H. (2008) Radium-223: From Radiochemical Development to Clinical Applications in Targeted Cancer Therapy. Current Radiopharmaceuticals, 1, 203-208.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874471010801030203
[6]  Abumurad, K.M. and Al-Tamimi, M. (2001) Emanation Power of Radon and Its Concentration in Soil and Rocks. Radiation Measurements, 34, 423-426.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4487(01)00199-8
[7]  Singh, J., Singh. H., Singh, S. and Bajwa, B.S. (2009) Uranium, Radium and Radon Exhalation Studies in Some Soil Samples Using Plastic Track Detectors. Indian Journal of Physics, 83, 1147-1153.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12648-009-0094-z
[8]  Mahur, A.K., Khan, M.S. Naqvi, A.H., Prasad, R. and Azam, A. (2008) Measurement of Effective Radium Content of Sand Samples Collected from Chhatrapur Beach, Orissa, India Using Track Etch Technique. Radiation Measurements. 43, S520-S522.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.04.051
[9]  Shakir, M., Azam, A., Naqvi, A.H., Deepak, V., Zubair, M. and Bhardwaj, M.K. (2010) Radium and Radon Exhalation Studies in Soil Samples. In: Rece Trends in Radiation Physics Research, 356-357.
[10]  Fisenne, I.M., Perry, P.M., Decker, K.M. and Keller, H.W. (1987) The Daily Intake of 234,235,238U, 228,230,232Th and 226,228Ra by New York City Residents. Health Physics, 53, 357-363.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198710000-00002
[11]  Singh, N.P., Burleigh, D.P., Ruth, H.M., et al. (1990) Daily U Intake in Utah Residents from Food and Drinking Water. Health Physics, 59, 333-337.
[12]  Nozaki, T., Ichikawa, M., Sasuga, T. and Inarida, M. (1970) Neutron Activation Analysis of Uranium in Human Bone, Drinking Water and Daily Diet. Journal of Radioanalytical Chemistry, 6, 33-40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02513897
[13]  Harley, J.H. (1988) Naturally Occurring Sources of Radioactive Contamination. In: Harley, J.H., Schmidt, G.D. and Silini, G., Eds., Radionuclides in the Food Chain, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 55-71.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1610-3_6
[14]  La Touche, Y.D., Willis, D.L. and Dawydiak, O.I. (1987) Absorption and Biokinetics of U in Rats Following an Oral Administration of Uranyl Nitrate Solution. Health Physics, 53, 147-162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198708000-00005
[15]  Fisenne, I.M. and Perry, P.M. (1985) Isotopic U Concentration in Human Blood from New York City Donors. Health Physics, 49, 1272-1275.
[16]  Moss, M.A. (1985) Chronic Low Level Uranium Exposure via Drinking Water—Clinical Investigations in Nova Scotia. Master’s Thesis, Dalhousie University, Studley.
[17]  Wrenn, M.E., Durbin, P.W., Howard, B., et al., (1985) Metabolism of Ingested U and Ra. Health Physics, 48, 601-633.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198505000-00004
[18]  Igarashi, Y., Yamakawa, A. and Ikeda, N. (1987) Plutonium and Uranium in Japanese Human Tissues. Radioisotopes, 36, 433-439.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3769/radioisotopes.36.9_433
[19]  Dunn, C.E. (1981) The Bio-Geological Expression of Deeply Buried Uranium Mineralization in Saskachewan, Canada. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 15, 437-452.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-6742(81)90078-9
[20]  Dyck, W. (1979) Application of Hydro Geochemistry to the Search of Uranium. Economic Geology Reports, 31, 489-510.
[21]  Cothern, C.R. and Lappenbusch, W.L. (1983) Occurrence of Uranium in Drinking Water: US. Health Physics, 45, 89-99.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198307000-00009
[22]  Tanner, A.B. (1980) Radon Migration in the Ground: A Supplementary Review. In: Gesell, T.F. and Lowder, W.M., Eds., The Natural Radiation Environment III, National Technical Information Services, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, 5-56.
[23]  Santos, E.E., Lauria, D.C., Amaral, E.C.S. and Rochedo, E.R. (2002) Daily Ingestion of 232Th, 238U, 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb in Vegetables by Inhabitants of Rio de Janeiro Cit. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 62, 75-86.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(01)00152-7
[24]  Hashim, A.K. and Ali, R.H.A. (2015) Measurement of Annual Effective Doses of Radon in Plastic Bottled Mineral Water Samples in Iraq. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 9, 31-35.
[25]  Abu-Jarad, F. (1988) Application of Nuclear Track Detectors for Radon Related Measurements. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements, 15, 525-534.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(88)90195-1
[26]  Alter, H.W. and Price, P.B. (1972) Radon Detection Using Track Registration Material. US Patent No. 3-665-194, Terradex Corp.
[27]  Somogyi, G. (1990) The Environmental Behavior of Radium. Technical Reports Series 310. IAEA, Vienna, 229-256.
[28]  Azam, A., Naqvi, A.H. and Srivastava, D.S. (1985) Radium Content and Radon Exhalation Measurement Using LR-115 Type II Plastic Track Detectors. Nuclear Geophysics, 9, 653-657.
[29]  Al-Saadi, A.J., Hashim, A.S.K. and Hussein, F.M. (2013) Measurement of Radon and Uranium Concentrations in the Dates and Their Seeds of Different Regions in Karbala Governorate. Journal of Babylon University/Pure and Applied Sciences, 21, 2134-2147.
[30]  Tykva, R. and Sabol, J. (1995) Low-Level Environmental Radioactivity Sources and Evaluation. Washington State University, Pullman.
[31]  United Nations. Source and Effects of Ionizing Radiation (1993) United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of atomic Radiations, 1993 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. United Nations Sales Publication, New York, E.94.IX.2.
[32]  Saleh, I.H., Hafez, A.F. and Naim, M.A. (2007) Radiological Study on Soils, Foodstuff and Fertilizers in the Alexandria Region, Egypt. Turkish Journal of Engineering & Environmental Sciences, 31, 9-17.
[33]  Shanthi, G., Maniyan, C.G., Allan, G.R.G. and Thampi, T.K.J. (2009) Radioactivity in Food Crops from High-Background Radiation Area in Southwest, India. Current Science, 97, 1331-1335.

Full-Text

Contact Us

[email protected]

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133