| [1] | New York City Health Code § 81.53.
|
| [2] | Grynbaum MM, Connelly M. Sixty percent in City oppose Bloomberg’s soda ban, poll finds. New York Times. 23 August 2012. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [3] | Gollust SE, Barry CL, Niederdeppe J (2014). Americans’ opinions about policies to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. Prev Med. 63:52–57. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.03.002. pmid:24631499
|
| [4] | Mello MM, Studdert DM (2014). Making the case for health-enhancing laws after Bloomberg. Hast Ctr Rep. Jan-Feb 44(1). doi: 10.1002/hast.246.
|
| [5] | Grynbaum MM. Judge blocks New York City’s limits on big sugary drinks. New York Times, 11 March 2013. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [6] | New Yorkers for Beverage Choices. . Accessed: 27 August 2014.
|
| [7] | New York Statewide Coalition of Hispanic Chambers of Commerce v. New York City Dept. of Health, No. 653684/2012, 2013 WL 1343607 (N.Y. Sup. Ct. March 11, 2013).
|
| [8] | New York Statewide Coalition of Hispanic Chambers of Commerce v. New York City Dept. of Health, 23 N.Y.3d 681 (2014).
|
| [9] | Malik VS, Pan A, Willett WC, Hu FB (2013). Sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain in children and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 98:1084–102. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.058362. pmid:23966427
|
| [10] | Malik VS, Schulze MB, Hu FB (2006). Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 84:274–88. pmid:16895873
|
| [11] | Vartanian LR, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD (2007). Effects of soft drink consumption on nutrition and health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Pub Health. 97:667–75. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2005.083782
|
| [12] | Brownell KD, Farley T, Willett WC, Popkin BM, Chaloupka FJ, et al (2009). The public health and economic benefits of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages. N Engl J Med. 361:1599–1605. doi: 10.1056/NEJMhpr0905723. pmid:19759377
|
| [13] | Chriqui FJ, Chaloupka FJ, Powell LM, Edison SS (2013). A typology of beverage taxation: Multiple approaches for obesity prevention and obesity prevention-related revenue generation. J Pub Health Pol. 34:403–423. doi: 10.1057/jphp.2013.17
|
| [14] | Pidd H, Hawke. Innocent loses fight over VAT charged on smoothies—but not raw fruit. The Guardian. 22 November 2010. . Accessed December 4, 2014.
|
| [15] | Thow AM, Quested C, Juventin L, Kun R, Khan AN, et al (2010). Taxing soft drinks in the Pacific: implementation lessons for improving health. Health Promot Int’l. 26(1):55–64. doi: 10.1093/heapro/daq057
|
| [16] | Mytton O, Rayner M. Health Related Food Taxes and Subsidies, BHF Health Promotion Research Group, University of Oxford. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [17] | Briggs A (2013). Overall and income specific effect on prevalence of overweight and obesity of 20% sugar-sweetened drink tax in UK: econometric and comparative risk assessment modeling study. BMJ. 347: f6189. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f6189. pmid:24179043
|
| [18] | Powell LM, Chriqui JF, Khan T, Wada R, and Chaloupka FJ (2013). Assessing the potential effectiveness of food and beverage taxes and subsidies for improving public health: a systematic review of prices, demand and body weight outcomes. Obesity Rev. 14:110–128. doi: 10.1111/obr.12002
|
| [19] | Mytton OT, Clarke D, Rayner M (2012). Taxing unhealthy food and drinks to improve health. BMJ. 344:e2931. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e2931. pmid:22589522
|
| [20] | Chaloupka FJ, Powell LM, Chriqui JF (2011). Sugar-sweetened beverages and obesity: the potential impact of public policies. J Pol’y Anal Mgmt. 30:644–665. doi: 10.1002/pam.20587
|
| [21] | Buhler S, Raine KD, Arango M, Pellerin S, Neary NE (2013). Building a strategy for obesity prevention one piece at a time: the case of sugar-sweetened beverage taxation. Can J Diabet. 37(2):97–102. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.03.025
|
| [22] | Waterlander WE, Mhurchu CN, Steenhuis IHM (2014). Effects of a price increase on purchases of sugar sweetened beverages. Results from a randomized controlled trial. Appetite. 78:32–39. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.03.012. pmid:24667153
|
| [23] | Knight H. Why Berkeley passed a soda tax and S.F. didn’t. San Francisco Chronicle. November 7, 2014. .
|
| [24] | Washington Post Editors. Council all but kills soda tax. Washington Post. 20 May 2010. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [25] | Hartocollis A. Failure of state soda tax plan reflects power of an antitax message. New York Times, July 2, 2010. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [26] | Kamerow D (2010). The case of the sugar sweetened beverage tax. BMJ. 341:c3719. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c3719. pmid:20630952
|
| [27] | Jou J, Niederdeppe J, Barry CL, Gollust SE (2014). Strategic messaging to promote taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages: lessons from recent political campaigns. Am J Pub Health. 104:847–53. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2013.301679
|
| [28] | Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity. Sugar-sweetened beverage initiatives since 2009. Jan. 2013. Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [29] | Steinmetz K. Big soda fights Bay Area tax proposals. Time. Nov 3, 2014. Accessed 12 May 2015.
|
| [30] | Bauerlein V, McKay B. Soda tax uncaps a fight. Wall Street Journal. May 23, 2010. Accessed 12 May 2015.
|
| [31] | Hawkes C (2010). The worldwide battle against soft drinks in schools. Am J Prev Med. 38:457–61. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.01.011. pmid:20307815
|
| [32] | Mello MM, Pomeranz J, Moran P (2008). The interplay of public health law and industry self-regulation: the case of sugar-sweetened beverage sales in schools. Am J Pub Health. 98(4):595–604. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2006.107680
|
| [33] | National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program—Nutrition Standards for All Foods Sold in Schools as Required by the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010; Interim final rule. Fed Regist. June 28, 2013;78(125): 39068–39120.
|
| [34] | Taber DR, Chriqui JF, Powell LM, Chaloupka FJ (2012). Banning all sugar-sweetened beverages in middle schools: reduction of in-school access and purchasing but not overall consumption. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 166(3):256–262. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2011.200. pmid:22064875
|
| [35] | Fletcher JM, Friswold D, Tefft N (2010). Taxing soft drinks and restricting access to vending machines to curb child obesity. Health Aff. 29:1059–66. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2009.0725
|
| [36] | Institute of Medicine (2013). Challenges and opportunities for change in food marketing to children and youth: workshop summary. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
|
| [37] | World Health Organization (2004). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. 2004. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [38] | World Health Organization (2006). Marketing of food and non-alcoholic beverages to children: report of a WHO forum and technical meeting. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [39] | Institute of Medicine (2006). Food marketing to children and youth: threat or opportunity? Washington, DC: National Academies Press. pmid:16989035
|
| [40] | Nutritional health warnings: just for show. Prescrire Int 2007;16 (92):261. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [41] | Hawkes C (2007). Marketing food to children: changes in the global regulatory environment 2004–2006. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2007. . Accessed 17 August 2014.
|
| [42] | Hawkes C. Marketing food to children: the global regulatory environment. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004. . Accessed 14 August 2014.
|
| [43] | Oommen VG, Anderson PJ (2008). Policies on restriction of food advertising during children’s television viewing times: an international perspective. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [44] | White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity (2010). Solving the problem of childhood obesity within a generation: White House Task Force on Childhood Obesity report to the President. May 2010. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [45] | Interagency Working Group on Food Marketing to Children (2011). Preliminary proposed nutrition principles to guide industry self-regulatory efforts. Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [46] | Dietz WH (2013). New strategies to improve food marketing to children. Health Aff. 32:1652–58. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1294
|
| [47] | Mello MM (2010). Federal Trade Commission regulation of food advertising to children: possibilities for a reinvigorated role. J Health Polit Pol’y Law. 35(2):227–76. doi: 10.1215/03616878-2009-051
|
| [48] | Jaime PC, da Silva CF, Gentil PC, Claro RM, Monteiro CA (2013). Brazilian obesity prevention and control initiatives. Obes Rev. 14(Suppl. 2): 88–95. doi: 10.1111/obr.12101. pmid:24102701
|
| [49] | Berman ML (2013). Commercial speech law and tobacco marketing: a comparative discussion of the United States and Canada. Am J Law Med. 39(2–3):218–36. pmid:23815029
|
| [50] | Irwin Toy Ltd. v. Attorney General of Quebec, [1989] 1 SCR 927.
|
| [51] | European Union Regulation No. 1169/2011. . Accessed 13 May 2015.
|
| [52] | US Food and Drug Administration (2014). 21 CFR Part 101 (May 27 2014). Accessed 27 August 2014/
|
| [53] | Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, P.L. 111–148, sec. 4205 (2010).
|
| [54] | Sinclair SE, Cooper M, Mansfield ED (2014). The influence of menu labeling on calories selected or consumed: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Acad Nutr Dietetics. 114(9):1375–88. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.05.014
|
| [55] | UK Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2011). Guidance on government buying standards for food and catering services. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [56] | Gov. Deval L. Patrick, Exec. Ord. 509 (MA 2009). Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [57] | Mass in Motion. Massachusetts State Agency Food Standards. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [58] | Brownell KD, Ludwig DS (2011). The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, soda, and USDA policy: who benefits? JAMA. 306:1370–71. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.1382. pmid:21954481
|
| [59] | Barnhill A (2011). Impact and ethics of excluding sweetened beverages from the SNAP program. Am J Pub Health. 101:2037–43. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2011.300225
|
| [60] | Fernandes MM (2012). Effect of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) on frequency of beverage consumption among youth in the United States. J Acad Nutr Diet. 112:1241–46. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2012.03.033. pmid:22682882
|
| [61] | Niederdeppe J, Gollust SE, Jarlenski MP, Nathanson AM, Barry CL (2013). News coverage of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes: pro- and antitax arguments in public discourse. Am J Pub Health. 103(6):e92–e98. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2012.301023
|
| [62] | Health Be Damned: Denmark hopes cheaper soda will boost economy. Spiegel International, Apr. 23, 2013. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [63] | Barnhill A, King KF (2013). Evaluating equity critiques in food policy: the case of sugar-sweetened beverages. J Law Med Ethics. 41(1):301–9. doi: 10.1111/jlme.12020. pmid:23581672
|
| [64] | Stier J (2013). With its soda tax, Mexico repeats the mistakes of Mayor Bloomberg. Forbes, 10 October 2013. . Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [65] | Zhen C, Finkelstein EA, Nonnemaker J, Karns S, Todd JE (2013). Predicting the effects of sugar-sweetened beverage taxes on food and beverage demand in a large demand system. Am J Agric Econ. 96(1):1–25. doi: 10.1093/ajae/aat049
|
| [66] | Finkelstein EA, Zhen C, Bilger M, Nonnemaker J, Farooqui AM, et al (2013). Implications of a sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax when substitutions to non-beverage items are considered. J Health Econ. 32:219–39. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.10.005. pmid:23202266
|
| [67] | Cabrera Escobar MA, Veerman JL, Tollman SM, Bertram MY, Hofman KJ (2013). Evidence that a tax on sugar sweetened beverages reduces the obesity rate: a meta-analysis. BMC Pub Health. 13:1072. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1072
|
| [68] | Wilson BM, Stolarz-Fantino S, Fantino E (2013). Regulating the way to obesity: unintended consequences of limiting sugary drink sizes. PLoS ONE. 8(4):e61081. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061081. pmid:23593397
|
| [69] | The Coca-Cola Company (2011). Our position on obesity—including supporting science and facts, Sept. 2011. . Accessed: 27 August 2014.
|
| [70] | Thaler RH, Sunstein CR (2008). Nudge: improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness. New Haven: Yale University Press.
|
| [71] | Stuckler D, McKee M, Ebrahim S, Basu S (2012). Manufacturing epidemics: the role of global producers in increased consumption of unhealthy commodities including processed foods, alcohol, and tobacco. PLoS Med. 9(6):e1001235. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001235. pmid:22745605
|
| [72] | Basu S, McKee M, Galea G, Stuckler D (2013). Relationship of soft drink consumption to global overweight, obesity, and diabetes: a cross-national analysis of 75 countries. Am J Pub Health. 103:2071–77. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2012.300974
|
| [73] | Monteiro CA, Cannon G (2012). The impact of transnational “Big Food” companies on the South: a view from Brazil. PLoS Med. 9(7):e1001252. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001252. pmid:22802732
|
| [74] | Euromonitor International. Global soft drink market grows 2.1% despite rising health concerns, 5 February 2014. Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [75] | Mello MM, Cohen IG (2012). The taxing power and the public’s health. N Engl J Med. 367:1777–9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1209648. pmid:23075142
|
| [76] | Basu S, Vellakkal S, Agrawal S, Stuckler D, Popkin B, et al (2014). Averting obesity and type 2 diabetes in India through sugar-sweetened beverage taxation: an economic-epidemiologic modeling study. PLoS Med. 11(1):e1001582. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001582. pmid:24409102
|
| [77] | Bogart WA (2013). Law as a tool in “the war on obesity”: useful interventions, maybe, but first, what’s the problem? J Law Med & Ethics. 41(1):28–41.
|
| [78] | Goldin J (2012). Sales tax not included: designing commodity taxes for inattentive consumers. Yale Law J. 122(1):258–301.
|
| [79] | Pomeranz JL (2012). Advanced policy options to regulate sugar-sweetened beverages to support public health. J Pub Health Pol’y. 33(1):75–88. doi: 10.1057/jphp.2011.46
|
| [80] | Field Research Corporation. The Field Poll, Release #2436, 14 February 2013. Accessed 27 August 2014.
|
| [81] | Morain S, Mello MM (2013). Survey finds public support for legal interventions directed at health behavior to fight noncommunicable disease. Health Aff. 32:486–496. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2012.0609
|
