Narrow band imaging (NBI), in conjunction with magnifying endoscopy (ME), has arisen more and more attention in the area of advanced endoscopy. By enhancing the mucosal microvascular architecture and surface pattern, it is feasible to use ME-NBI to identify subtle changes associated with gastric inflammation, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, and early gastric cancer. The new technique thus plays a valuable role in therapeutic decision-making, endoscopic treatment process, postoperative evaluation, and follow-up examination. To date, many criteria or evaluation method of ME-NBI has been proposed. This paper aims to summarize the various diagnosing classifications and the current clinical applications of ME-NBI in the stomach. 1. Introduction Magnifying endoscopy (ME), for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract, started in the late 1960s and it has been increasingly popular since electronic videoendoscopes gradually replaced fibreoptic endoscopes [1]. With a magnified observation, endoscopists were then able to visualize the fine details of mucosal surface pattern and vascular architecture. In the 1980s, another technique in the area of endoscopy came into use, namely, the chromoendoscopy, which brought about better delineation of tumor contours and identification of mucosal pit patterns [2]. Furthermore, by narrowing the bandwidth of spectral transmittance, a narrow band imaging (NBI) system was developed in the last decade [3]. This special technique can enhance the contrast between microvessels and background mucosal surface and allow better evaluation of faint or diminutive changes. With these ongoing developments, it becomes probable to detect and differentiate gastrointestinal tumors at an early stage and modern endoscopists are moving towards the role of pathologists, that is, the optical histology. As for stomach, it is the combination of magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME-NBI) that highlights suspicious lesions and brings better diagnostic efficacy. We herein review the recent publications and present a wide extent of the clinical applications of ME-NBI in the stomach. In general, most diagnostic criteria of NBI for gastric lesions have been proposed on the basis of previous research of ME or chromoendoscopy. 2. Evaluation of Gastritis, Atrophy, Intestinal Metaplasia, and Adenoma Appearance of normal gastric mucosa without Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection has been confirmed by a series of studies. It differs depending on the location of the stomach. In gastric corpus (Figure 1(a)), ME shows small round pits which are surrounded
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