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强烈下渗条件下天然河道洪水演进模拟方法

, PP. 207-215

Keywords: 洪水模拟预报,洪水演进,河道下渗,马斯京根康吉演算,海河流域

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Abstract:

?河道洪水演进模拟是河道洪水预报与汇流计算的主要内容和关键.对于常年断流、河水与地下水长期处于脱节状态的河道,一旦行洪下渗非常强烈,渗漏量很大.不考虑河道下渗洪水演进模拟模型,无法准确模拟真实的洪水运动行为,不能用于洪水模拟预报.本文采用土壤下渗理论描述河道下渗,推导出了河道下渗流量计算公式,建立了基于霍顿下渗公式的河道下渗模拟方法;并把下渗当做单位区间出流,与基于马斯京根康吉法天然河道洪水演进模型进行耦合,构建了强烈下渗条件下天然河道洪水演进模拟模型.针对天然河道水力特性复杂特点,研究了洪水演进模型参数确定方法和波速计算方法.海河流域漳卫河水系岳城水库-蔡小庄段的典型场次洪水应用结果表明,模型能很好反映强烈下渗条件下洪水演进实际情况,具有很高模拟精度,基于土壤下渗理论的下渗量计算公式和模拟方法可以很好地模拟河道下渗过程.这一模型具有计算简便、参数确定简单、适合于洪水预报等特点,在干旱和半干旱地区河道洪水演进模拟预报与河道汇流计算中也具有一定的推广应用价值.

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